<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>Victoria Lodge - Masonic Lodge in Toronto, Ontario, Canada - Learn How to Become a Freemason &#187; Famous Masons</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.victorialodge.ca/category/famous-masons/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.victorialodge.ca</link>
	<description>A better man, one day at a time</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 18 Mar 2010 15:46:51 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.9.2</generator>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
			<item>
		<title>List of Famous Freemasons</title>
		<link>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/a-big-list-of-famous-freemasons/</link>
		<comments>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/a-big-list-of-famous-freemasons/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Mar 2010 15:15:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Famous Masons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Front]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.victorialodge.ca/?p=219</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This is a list of notable Freemasons. Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation which exists in a number of forms worldwide. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In some cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity&#8217;s [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This is a list of notable Freemasons. Freemasonry is a fraternal organisation which exists in a number of forms worldwide. Throughout history some members of the fraternity have made no secret of their involvement, while others have not made their membership public. In some cases, membership can only be proven by searching through the fraternity&#8217;s records. Such records are most often kept at the individual Lodge level, and may be lost due to fire, flood, deterioration, or simple carelessness.<span id="more-219"></span></p>
<table summary="Contents">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#References"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Grand Lodge governance may have shifted or reorganized, resulting in further loss of records on the member or the name, number, location or even existence of the Lodge in question. In areas of the world where Masonry has been suppressed by governments, records of entire Grand Lodges have been destroyed. Because of this, masonic membership can sometimes be difficult to verify.</p>
<p>Standards of &#8220;proof&#8221; for those on this list may vary widely; some figures with no verified Lodge affiliation are claimed as Masons if reliable sources give anecdotal evidence suggesting they were familiar with the &#8220;secret&#8221; signs and passes, but other figures are rejected over technical questions of irregularity in the Lodge that initiated them. Where available, specific Lodge membership information is provided; where serious questions of verification have been noted by other sources, this is indicated as well.</p>
<p>FROM WIKIPEDIA:</p>
<h2>A</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Jose Abad Santos" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Abad_Santos">Jose Abad Santos</a>, <a title="Chief Justice of the Philippine Supreme Court" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Philippine_Supreme_Court">Chief Justice</a> of the <a title="Supreme Court of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines">Supreme Court of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Abd al-Qadir" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir">Abd al-Qadir</a>, <a title="Sufi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi">Sufi</a> mystic, scholar and political leader.1864 (one on-line source says 1867, contemporary sources say 1864), member Henri IV, Paris, but degree work conducted at Lodge of the Pyramids, Alexandria, Egypt <sup id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Abbott" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Abbott">John Abbott</a> Canadian Prime Minister (1891 &#8211; 1892). Initiated St. Paul&#8217;s, No. 374, E.R., Montreal, 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Bud Abbott" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud_Abbott">William &#8220;Bud&#8221; Abbott</a> of the Abbott &amp; Costello comedy team.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nicanor Abelardo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicanor_Abelardo">Nicanor Abelardo</a>, <a title="Filipino people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_people">Filipino</a> <a title="Composer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composer">composer</a>. Raised in Luzon Lodge No. 57 <sup id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sherman Adams" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Adams">Sherman Adams</a> Governor of <a title="New Hampshire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire">New Hampshire</a> and U.S. Congressman.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gregorio Aglipay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorio_Aglipay">Gregorio Aglipay</a>, first Filipino Supreme Bishop of the <a title="Philippine Independent Church" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Independent_Church">Philippine Independent Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-6">[7]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Emilio Aguinaldo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> First President of the <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippines</a>. Pilar Lodge No. 203 (now Pilar Lodge No. 15) at Imus Cavite and was founder of Magdalo Lodge No. 31 (renamed Emilio Aguinaldo Lodge No. 31 in his honor).<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Agustín I of Mexico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_I_of_Mexico">Agustín I of Mexico</a>, emperor of Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-ridmex_7-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-ridmex-7">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nelson Aldrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Aldrich">Nelson Aldrich</a>, <a title="United States Senator" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senator">United States Senator</a> from <a title="Rhode Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island">Rhode Island</a>. Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Rhode Island 1877-78, member of <a title="What Cheer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Cheer">What Cheer</a> lodge.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edwin &quot;Buzz&quot; Aldrin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_%22Buzz%22_Aldrin">Edwin &#8220;Buzz&#8221; Aldrin</a> Astronaut. Montclair Lodge No. 144, New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-calodges_8-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-calodges-8">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Elizabeth Aldworth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Aldworth">Elizabeth Aldworth</a>, Entered Apprentice and Fellowcraft Degree.<sup id="cite_ref-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-9">[10]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Vasile Alecsandri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Alecsandri">Vasile Alecsandri</a> Romanian Poet, playwright, politician and diplomat.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="José Eloy Alfaro Delgado" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eloy_Alfaro_Delgado">José Eloy Alfaro Delgado</a> &#8211; <a title="President of Ecuador" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Ecuador">President of Ecuador</a><sup id="cite_ref-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-11">[12]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Eugène Goblet d'Alviella" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Goblet_d%27Alviella">Eugène Goblet d&#8217;Alviella</a>, Vice-chancellor of the <a title="Université Libre de Bruxelles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_Libre_de_Bruxelles">Université Libre de Bruxelles</a> and Belgian senator.<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Salvador Allende" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador_Allende">Salvador Allende</a> Socialist president of Chile (1970-1973). Lodge Progreso No. 4, Valparaíso.<sup id="cite_ref-calodges_8-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-calodges-8">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ezra Ames" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra_Ames">Ezra Ames</a>, Portrait painter<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edward Neville da Costa Andrade" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Neville_da_Costa_Andrade">Edward Neville da Costa Andrade</a>, English physicist. Initiated into Lodge Progresso No. 4 in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_13-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated9-13">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jules Anspach" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Anspach">Jules Anspach</a>, Belgian Liberal politician<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Galicano Apacible" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galicano_Apacible">Galicano Apacible</a>, Filipino politician.<sup id="cite_ref-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-14">[15]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sir Edward Victor Appleton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Edward_Victor_Appleton">Sir Edward Victor Appleton</a>, English Physicist. Nobel Prize 1947. Isaac Newton Lodge No. 859, Cambridge.<sup id="cite_ref-calodges_8-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-calodges-8">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Dennis Archer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Archer">Dennis Archer</a>, US Politician. Geometry Lodge #49 (Prince Hall), Detroit<sup id="cite_ref-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-15">[16]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Constantin Argetoianu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Argetoianu">Constantin Argetoianu</a>, <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>, 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Lewis Addison Armistead" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Addison_Armistead">Lewis Addison Armistead</a>, <a title="Confederate States of America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America">Confederate</a> general during the <a title="American Civil War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War">American Civil War</a>. Alexandria-Washington Lodge #22, <a title="Alexandria, Virginia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Louis Armstrong" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, Jazz musician. Montgomery Lodge No. 18 (Prince Hall), New York.<sup id="cite_ref-calodges_8-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-calodges-8">[9]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thomas Arne" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Arne">Thomas Arne</a> Composer of <a title="Rule Britannia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_Britannia">Rule Britannia</a> <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_13-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated9-13">[14]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Benedict Arnold" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedict_Arnold">Benedict Arnold</a>, Hiram Lodge No. 1, New Haven, Connecticut (expelled 1781)<sup id="cite_ref-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-17">[18]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Eddy Arnold" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_Arnold">Eddy Arnold</a>, singer<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Voltaire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaire">François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire)</a>, Raised 1778 by WM Ben Franklin, Loge des Neuf Sœurs, Paris<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-nine_18-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-nine-18">[19]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gheorghe Asachi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Asachi">Gheorghe Asachi</a> Romanian writer, poet, painter, historian, dramatist and translator.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Elias Ashmole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Ashmole">Elias Ashmole</a>, 17th-century English antiquary and politician, Warrington Lodge, Lancashire<sup id="cite_ref-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-19">[20]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Jacob Astor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jacob_Astor">John Jacob Astor</a>, American Financier, The Holland Lodge No. 8, New York, New York, 1790<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_20-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated6-20">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a> National hero and founder of the modern Republic of Turkey. Macedonia Risorta Lodge No. 80 (some claim Lodge Veritas), Thessaloniki<sup id="cite_ref-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-21">[22]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-22">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-23">[24]</a></sup> (Debated &#8211; According to Turkish journalist, Can Dundar, Atatürk had never been a Mason.<sup id="cite_ref-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-24">[25]</a></sup>)</li>
<li><a title="Stephen F. Austin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin">Stephen F. Austin</a> Secretary of State for the Republic of Texas. Louisiana Lodge No. 109, Missouri.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gene Autry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_Autry">Gene Autry</a>, Movie and television star, Catoosa Lodge No. 185, OK<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>B</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Johann Christian Bach" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Christian_Bach">Johann Christian Bach</a>, Composer. Lodge of Nine Muses No. 235, London.<sup id="cite_ref-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-26">[27]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Michael Baigent" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Baigent">Michael Baigent</a>, British author and editor of <em>Freemasonry Today</em><sup id="cite_ref-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-27">[28]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mikhail Bakunin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Bakunin">Mikhail Bakunin</a>, Russian revolutionary, Lodge <em>Il Progresso Sociale</em>, Florence 1864,<sup id="cite_ref-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-28">[29]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nicolae Bălcescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_B%C4%83lcescu">Nicolae Bălcescu</a>, Romanian historian, journalist and <a title="1848 Wallachian Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1848_Wallachian_Revolution">1848</a> revolutionary.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry Baldwin (judge)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Baldwin_%28judge%29">Henry Baldwin</a>, US Associate Justice (1830-1844):<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup> Master of Lodge No. 45 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1805<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Harold Ballard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Ballard">Harold Ballard</a>, One time owner of <a title="Toronto Maple Leafs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> National Hockey League team. Corinthian No. 481, GRC, Toronto, ON.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Simion Bărnuţiu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simion_B%C4%83rnu%C5%A3iu">Simion Bărnuţiu</a>, Romanian philosopher and politician.<sup id="cite_ref-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-30">[31]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Diego Martínez Barrio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego_Mart%C3%ADnez_Barrio">Diego Martínez Barrio</a>, Prime minister of Spain and founder of the <a title="Republican Union Party" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Union_Party">Republican Union Party</a><sup id="cite_ref-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-31">[32]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Frederic Bartholdi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic_Bartholdi">Frederic Bartholdi</a>, Sculptor of the Statue of Liberty in New York. Lodge Alsace-Lorraine, Paris.<sup id="cite_ref-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-32">[33]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edmund Barton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Barton">Edmund Barton</a>, first Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia, Speaker of the legislative assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Count Basie" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Count_Basie">William &#8220;Count&#8221; Basie</a>, Jazz orchestra leader and composer. Wisdom Lodge No. 102 (Prince Hall), Chicago. Also a Shriner.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Frederick Bates" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Bates">Frederick Bates</a>, Governor of <a title="Missouri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri">Missouri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Birch Bayh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_Bayh">Birch Bayh</a>, US Senator from Indiana from 1962-1981.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Daniel Carter Beard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Carter_Beard">Daniel Carter Beard</a>, Founder of the Boy Scouts. Made a Mason in Mariner&#8217;s Lodge No. 67, New York City, New York, and later affiliated with Cornucopia Lodge 563, Flushing, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edvard Beneš" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Bene%C5%A1">Edvard Beneš</a>, President of Czechoslovakia (1935-1939, 1945-1948). Ian Amos Komensky Lodge No. 1, Prague.<sup id="cite_ref-34"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-34">[35]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="R.B. Bennett" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.B._Bennett">R.B. Bennett</a>, Prime Minister of Canada 1930-1935.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Lloyd M. Bentsen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_M._Bentsen">Lloyd M. Bentsen</a>, US Senator from <a title="Texas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas">Texas</a><sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Irving Berlin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Berlin">Irving Berlin</a>, Composer. Munn Lodge No.190, New York.<sup id="cite_ref-35"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-35">[36]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Silvio Berlusconi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>, Italian media tycoon and politician. <a title="Propaganda Due" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_Due">Propaganda Due</a>, Expelled in 1981 (some say 1976) by the Grand Orient of Italy<sup id="cite_ref-36"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-36">[37]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ramón Emeterio Betances" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Emeterio_Betances">Ramón Emeterio Betances</a>, Puerto Rican politician and statesman. Logia Unión Germana, <a title="San Germán, Puerto Rico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Germ%C3%A1n,_Puerto_Rico">San Germán, Puerto Rico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-37">[38]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George Valentin Bibescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Valentin_Bibescu">George Valentin Bibescu</a>, Romanian aviation pioneer, Grand Master of Romanian Grand Lodge from 1911 to 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry H. Bingham" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_H._Bingham">Henry Harrison Bingham</a>, <a title="Union Army" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Army">Union Army</a> officer during the <a title="American Civil War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War">American Civil War</a>. Chartiers Lodge #297, <a title="Canonsburg, Pennsylvania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonsburg,_Pennsylvania">Canonsburg, Pennsylvania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Francis Bischof" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Bischof">Francis Bischof</a>, Queensland Australia Police Commissioner from 1958-1969.<sup id="cite_ref-38"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-38">[39]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Hugo L. Black" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_L._Black">Hugo L. Black</a>, US Associate Justice (1937-1971),<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup> Birmingham Temple Lodge No. 836, Birmingham, AL</li>
<li><a title="John Blair" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Blair">John Blair</a>, US Associate Justice (1789-96), and Grand Master of Virginia from 1778 to 1784.<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Samuel Blatchford" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Blatchford">Samuel Blatchford</a>, US Associate Justice (1882-1893)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Dimitrie Bolintineanu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrie_Bolintineanu">Dimitrie Bolintineanu</a>, Romainan poet, politician, 1848 revolutionary.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Simón Bolívar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar">Simón Bolívar</a>, Leader of South American independence. (Initiated: Cádiz, Spain)<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup> Founding brother of Lodge Order and Liberty No. 2, Peru, 1824<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-bolivar_39-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-bolivar-39">[40]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Cezar Bolliac" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezar_Bolliac">Cezar Bolliac</a>, Radical Romanian political figure, amateur archaeologist, journalist and Romantic poet.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Shadrach Bond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadrach_Bond">Shadrach Bond</a>, first <a title="Governor of Illinois" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Illinois">Governor of Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-40">[41]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Andrés Bonifacio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio">Andrés Bonifacio</a>, Leader during <a title="Philippine Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a> from Spain. Taliba Lodge No. 165 under Gran Oriente Español (Spanish Grand Lodge).<sup id="cite_ref-41"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-41">[42]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Omar Bongo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Bongo">Omar Bongo</a>, President of <a title="Gabon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon">Gabon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_42-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-lemonde-42">[43]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert Borden" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Borden">Robert Borden</a>, <a title="Prime Minister of Canada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> St. Andrew&#8217;s Lodge No. 1, Halifax, Nova Scotia<sup id="cite_ref-43"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-43">[44]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gutzon Borglum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutzon_Borglum">Gutzon Borglum</a>, American sculpture, raised in Howard Lodge No. 35.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_44-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated7-44">[45]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Lincoln Borglum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Borglum">Lincoln Borglum</a>, Son of <a title="Gutzon Borglum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutzon_Borglum">Gutzon Borglum</a>, completed the <a title="Mount Rushmore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a> project, raised in Battle River Lodge No. 92.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_44-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated7-44">[45]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ernest Borgnine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Borgnine">Ernest Borgnine</a>, Actor, Abingdon Lodge No. 48<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated18_45-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated18-45">[46]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Boswell" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell">James Boswell</a>, Scottish writer, raised in Canongate Kilwinning Lodge at Edinburgh, 1759<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mackenzie Bowell" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackenzie_Bowell">Mackenzie Bowell</a>, Prime Minister of Canada from 1894-1896<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Bowie" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bowie">James Bowie</a>, Frontiersman, Inventor of the Bowie knife. L&#8217;Humble Chaumiere Lodge No. 19 Opelousas, Louisiana.<sup id="cite_ref-46"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-46">[47]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Charles Bradlaugh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Bradlaugh">Charles Bradlaugh</a>, Nineteenth Century <a title="Atheist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheist">Atheist</a> and Republican MP, <em>Grand Lodge des Philadelphes</em>, London<sup id="cite_ref-47"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-47">[48]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Omar N. Bradley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_N._Bradley">Omar N. Bradley</a>, US General. West Point Lodge No. 877, New York<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sir Donald Bradman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Donald_Bradman">Sir Donald Bradman</a>, Australian Cricketer.<sup id="cite_ref-48"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-48">[49]</a></sup></li>
<li>Sir <a title="Christoffel Brand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoffel_Brand">Christoffel Brand</a>, first Speaker of the <a title="Legislative Assembly" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a> of the <a title="Cape Colony" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Colony">Cape Colony</a><sup id="cite_ref-49"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-49">[50]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph Brant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Brant">Joseph Brant</a>, Principal Chief of the Six Nations Indians. Initiated in Lodge No. 417, 1776. First Master of Lodge No. 11, Mohawk Village (near Brantford) in 1798.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Dimitrie Brătianu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrie_Br%C4%83tianu">Dimitrie Brătianu</a>, <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (1881).<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ion Brătianu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Br%C4%83tianu">Ion C. Brătianu</a>, Romanian politician, three-time <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="David Brearley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Brearley">David Brearley</a>, Signer of the US Constitution on behalf of New Jersey, the first Grand Master of Masons for the State of New Jersey.<sup id="cite_ref-50"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-50">[51]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry Brougham" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Brougham">Henry Brougham</a>, Scottish <a title="Abolitionist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abolitionist">abolitionist</a> and founder of <em><a title="Edinburgh Review" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_Review">Edinburgh Review</a></em>. Raised in Fortrose Lodge, Stornway, Scotland<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Bruce" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bruce">James Bruce</a>, Scottish explorer. Canongate Kilwinning Lodge<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Samuel von Brukenthal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_von_Brukenthal">Samuel von Brukenthal</a>, Baron of the <a title="Holy Roman Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Buchanan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buchanan">James Buchanan</a>, U.S. President,<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup> Lodge No. 43, <a title="Lancaster, Pennsylvania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania">Lancaster</a>, Pennsylvania</li>
<li><a title="Charles Buls" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Buls">Charles Buls</a>, mayor of <a title="Brussels" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels">Brussels</a><sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Luther Burbank" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther_Burbank">Luther Burbank</a>, US horticulturist, botanist, agricultural science pioneer. Santa Rosa Lodge No. 57,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Arleigh Burke" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arleigh_Burke">Arleigh Burke</a>, US Admiral<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Supreme Temple Architect (Honored in 1997)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated19_51-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated19-51">[52]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert Burnaby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burnaby">Robert Burnaby</a>, English explorer and businessman. First Past Master of Victoria Lodge No. 1085, District Grand Master (English) of British Columbia.<sup id="cite_ref-52"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-52">[53]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Conrad Burns" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Burns">Conrad Burns</a>, US Senator from <a title="Montana" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana">Montana</a><sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert Burns" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Burns">Robert Burns</a>, National poet of Scotland. St. David&#8217;s Lodge No. 174, Tarbolton.<sup id="cite_ref-53"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-53">[54]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Harold H. Burton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_H._Burton">Harold H. Burton</a>, US Associate Justice (1945-1958)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Arthur Leopold Busch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Leopold_Busch">Arthur Leopold Busch</a>, naval architect. Member of Peconic Lodge No. 349 <a title="Greenport, New York" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenport,_New_York">Greenport</a>, New York.<sup title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from September 2008">[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></em>]</sup></li>
<li><a title="Cyriel Buysse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyriel_Buysse">Cyriel Buysse</a>, Flemish nationalist writer<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Richard E. Byrd" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_E._Byrd">Richard E. Byrd</a>, US Admiral. Initiated in Federal Lodge No. 1 and founded First Antarctic Lodge No. 777 in 1935<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James F. Byrnes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_F._Byrnes">James F. Byrnes</a>, US Associate Justice (1941-1942)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>C</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Alessandro Cagliostro" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Cagliostro">Alessandro Cagliostro</a>, Sicilian charlatan and occultist<sup id="cite_ref-54"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-54">[55]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Plutarco Elías Calles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutarco_El%C3%ADas_Calles">Plutarco Elías Calles</a>, President of Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-55"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-55">[56]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Malcolm Campbell" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_Campbell">Malcolm Campbell</a>, English motor-racer<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Eddie Cantor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie_Cantor">Eddie Cantor</a>. Entertainer, raised in Munn Lodge No 190, New York City<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated2-16">[17]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Manuel Camus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Camus">Manuel Camus</a>, <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippine</a> <a title="Senate of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines">Senator</a>. October 12, 1898, Zetland in the East Lodge No 508 Singapore, under the jurisdiction of the M. W. Grand Lodge of England.<sup id="cite_ref-56"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-56">[57]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino">Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino</a> <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Carol II of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_II_of_Romania">Carol II</a> <a title="King of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Romania">King of Romania</a> (1930-40).<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="José Miguel Carrera" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Miguel_Carrera">José Miguel Carrera</a>, Chilean General and President.<sup id="cite_ref-57"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-57">[58]</a></sup> St. John&#8217;s Lodge No. 1, New York<sup id="cite_ref-Poinsett_-_A_revolutionary_diplomat_58-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Poinsett_-_A_revolutionary_diplomat-58">[59]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Kit Carson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit_Carson">Kit Carson</a>, American Adventurer. Montezuma Lodge No. 109, Sante Fe, New Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Paul Foster Case" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Foster_Case">Paul Foster Case</a>, Founder of the Los Angeles occult school, the <a title="Builders of the Adytum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Builders_of_the_Adytum">Builders of the Adytum</a>, Fairport Lodge No. 476, Fairport, New York<sup id="cite_ref-59"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-59">[60]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Marc Chagall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>, Russian artist. initiated in 1912<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated13-60">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thomas Chalmers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chalmers">Thomas Chalmers</a>, Lodge St. Vigean, 1800<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated13-60">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joshua Chamberlain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Chamberlain">Joshua Chamberlain</a>, Commander of US forces on Little Round Top during the <a title="American Civil War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War">American Civil War</a> battle of Gettysburg, and governor of <a title="Maine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine">Maine</a>. United Lodge #8, <a title="Brunswick, Maine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswick,_Maine">Brunswick, Maine</a><sup id="cite_ref-61"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-61">[62]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nicolas Chamfort" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Chamfort">Nicolas Chamfort</a>, French writer, Loge des Neuf Soeurs, Paris<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-nine_18-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-nine-18">[19]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Walter Chrysler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Chrysler">Walter Chrysler</a> Founder of Chrysler Corporation.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Winston Churchill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winston_Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Studholme Alliance Lodge No. 1591, Rosemary Lodge No. 2851. (Note: The Churchill Society claims he resigned from his Lodges in 1912.)<sup id="cite_ref-62"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-62">[63]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="André Citroen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Citroen">André Citroen</a>, French engineer and motor-car manufacturer, Lodge La Philosophie, Paris<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated13-60">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mark Wayne Clark" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Wayne_Clark">Mark Wayne Clark</a>, US Army General, Mystic Tie Lodge No. 398, Indianapolis<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated13-60">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thomas C. Clark" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_C._Clark">Thomas C. Clark</a>, US Associate Justice (1949-1967)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Clark (explorer)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clark_%28explorer%29">William Clark</a>, Explorer, Lewis and Clark expedition. Saint Louis Lodge No. 111.<sup id="cite_ref-pagrandlodge1_63-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-pagrandlodge1-63">[64]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Hessin Clarke" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hessin_Clarke">John H. Clarke</a>, US Associate Justice (1916-1922)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry Clay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Clay">Henry Clay</a> Speaker of the. U.S. House of Representatives and Grand Master of Kentucky.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Moses Cleaveland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Cleaveland">Moses Cleaveland</a> founded the city of <a title="Cleaveland" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaveland">Cleaveland</a>, Ohio, Worshipful Master of Moriah Lodge in 1791<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated13-60">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="DeWitt Clinton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a>, Governor of New York State, Grand Master of NY during the <a title="William Morgan (anti-Mason)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Morgan_%28anti-Mason%29">Morgan</a> Affair, The Holland Lodge No. 8, New York, New York, 1790<sup id="cite_ref-64"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-64">[65]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Tyrus Cobb" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrus_Cobb">Tyrus Cobb</a>, baseball star. Royston Lodge No. 426, Detroit<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated13-60">[61]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William F. Cody" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Cody">William F. Cody</a>, a.k.a. <a title="Buffalo Bill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bill">Buffalo Bill</a>, raised in Platte Valley Lodge No. 15, Nebraska<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George Cohan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cohan">George Cohan</a>, Broadway star, raised in Pacific Lodge No. 233, New York City<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nat King Cole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_King_Cole">Nat King Cole</a> pianist and ballad singer.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Samuel Colt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Colt">Samuel Colt</a> manufacturer of Colt revolvers<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Émile Combes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Combes">Émile Combes</a>, French Prime Minister<sup id="cite_ref-66"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-66">[67]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-67">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-68">[69]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Spencer Compton, 7th Marquess of Northampton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_7th_Marquess_of_Northampton">Spencer Compton, 7th Marquess of Northampton</a>, Pro Grand Master, <a title="United Grand Lodge of England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England">United Grand Lodge of England</a><sup id="cite_ref-69"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-69">[70]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Charlie Conacher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie_Conacher">Charlie Conacher</a>, Canadian ice hockey player. Initiated in North Gate Lodge No. 591, Pickering, Ontario, in 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Marquis de Condorcet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet">Marquis de Condorcet</a>, French mathematician and philosopher, Lodges de Neuf Soeurs<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Leroy Cooper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy_Cooper">Leroy Cooper</a>, U.S. astronaut, member of Carbondale Lodge No. 82, Colorado<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Harry H. Corbett" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_H._Corbett">Harry H. Corbett</a> actor- star of <a title="Steptoe and Son" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steptoe_and_Son">Steptoe and Son</a>[<sup id="cite_ref-70"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-70">[71]</a></sup>]</li>
<li><a title="Charles de Coster" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Coster">Charles de Coster</a>, Belgian author <sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edith Cowan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Cowan">Edith Cowan</a>, First woman elected to Australian Parliament, Member of St Cuthberts Lodge Perth Australia (Le Droit Humain).<sup id="cite_ref-71"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-71">[72]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Francesco Crispi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Crispi">Francesco Crispi</a>, Prime Minister of Italy<sup id="cite_ref-72"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-72">[73]</a></sup> (possibly expelled in 1894?)<sup id="cite_ref-73"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-73">[74]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Miron Cristea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron_Cristea">Miron Cristea</a> <a title="Patriarch of All Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_of_All_Romania">Patriarch</a> of the <a title="Romanian Orthodox Church" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Church">Romanian Orthodox Church</a> (1925-39), <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (1938-39).<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Davy Crockett" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davy_Crockett">Davy Crockett</a>, 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier and politician<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Aleister Crowley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleister_Crowley">Aleister Crowley</a>, English occultist, Anglo-Saxon Lodge No. 343, Paris (GLdF), 1904<sup id="cite_ref-74"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-74">[75]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Cushing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Cushing">William Cushing</a>, US Associate Justice (1789-1810),<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup> St. Andrews Lodge, Boston</li>
<li><a title="Alexander John Cuza" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_John_Cuza">Alexander John Cuza</a> Romanian <em><a title="Domnitor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domnitor">Domnitor</a></em> of the <a title="Danubian Principalities" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danubian_Principalities">Danubian Principalities</a>, 1859-66.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>D</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Jim Davidson (comedian)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Davidson_%28comedian%29">Jim Davidson</a>. British comedian, Former Master, Chelsea Lodge, England (resigned), Founding Master of British Forces Foundation (Lodge) No. 9725<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated17_75-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated17-75">[76]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Crosby Dawson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crosby_Dawson">William Crosby Dawson</a>, US Judge and Politician, San Marino Lodge No. 34, F.&amp;A.M, Greensboro, GA. Grand Master of Masons in Georgia from 1843 until his death in Greensboro on May 6, 1856.<sup id="cite_ref-77"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-77">[78]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Carol Davila" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Davila">Carol Davila</a> Romanian Physician.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ovide Decroly" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovide_Decroly">Ovide Decroly</a>, Belgian educationalist. initiated in Lodge Les Amis Philanthropes No. 2, Brussels in 1902 <sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Marcelo H. del Pilar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo_H._del_Pilar">Marcelo H. del Pilar</a>, <a title="Filipino people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_people">Filipino</a> <a title="Writer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writer">writer</a>, <a title="Reform" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform">reformer</a>, <a title="Journalist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalist">journalist</a>, and <a title="Revolutionary" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> <a title="Leader" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader">leader</a> of the <a title="Philippine Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>. Considered as the &#8220;Father of Philippine Masonry&#8221;. Initiated in Spain in 1889 <sup id="cite_ref-78"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-78">[79]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Isabelo de los Reyes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelo_de_los_Reyes">Isabelo de los Reyes</a>, <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Filipino</a> politician and labor activist in.<sup id="cite_ref-79"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-79">[80]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Cecil B. DeMille" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_B._DeMille">Cecil B. DeMille</a> Movie Director, member of Prince of Orange Lodge No. 16, New York City<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Süleyman Demirel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>, 9th <a title="President of the Republic of Turkey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey">President of the Republic of Turkey</a>. Initiated in Grand Lodge of Turkey, 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_80-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated16-80">[81]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jack Dempsey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Dempsey">Jack Dempsey</a>, heavyweight boxing champion in 1919, Kenwood Lodge No. 800, Chicago<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Frédéric Desmons" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Desmons">Frédéric Desmons</a>, Protestant priest who persuaded the Grand Orient de France to remove the term of the Great Architect of the Universe from their Constitution<sup id="cite_ref-81"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-81">[82]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Willis Van Devanter" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willis_Van_Devanter">Willis Van Devanter</a>, US Associate Justice (1911-1937)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thomas Dewey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dewey">Thomas Dewey</a>, American politician (1902-1971)<sup id="cite_ref-82"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-82">[83]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Blaise Diagne" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Diagne">Blaise Diagne</a>, Senegalese political leader<sup id="cite_ref-83"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-83">[84]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Porfirio Díaz" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porfirio_D%C3%ADaz">Porfirio Díaz</a>, President of Mexico<sup id="cite_ref-84"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-84">[85]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John George Diefenbaker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_George_Diefenbaker">John George Diefenbaker</a>, Prime Minister of Canada, Wakaw Lodge No. 166, Wakaw, SK<sup id="cite_ref-85"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-85">[86]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Everett Dirksen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everett_Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> U.S. Congressman and Minority Leader of the U.S. Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry Dodge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Dodge">Henry Dodge</a> U.S. Senator from <a title="Wisconsin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Bob Dole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole">Bob Dole</a>, US politician<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Russell Lodge No. 177, Kansas<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ed Doolan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Doolan">Ed Doolan</a> US Radio Presenter<sup id="cite_ref-86"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-86">[87]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jimmy Doolittle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Doolittle">James Doolittle</a>, US General.<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jim Douglas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Douglas">Jim Douglas</a>, Governor of Vermont <sup id="cite_ref-GLVTDouglas_87-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLVTDouglas-87">[88]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Tommy Douglas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Douglas">Tommy Douglas</a>, Canadian politician, Weyburn Lodge No. 20, Weyburn, SK<sup id="cite_ref-88"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-88">[89]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William O. Douglas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_O._Douglas">William O. Douglas</a>, US Associate Justice (1939-1975)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sir Arthur Conan Doyle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a> British physician and author, creator of Sherlock Holmes.<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">[5]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edwin Drake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Drake">Edwin Drake</a>, US oil industry pioneer, Oil Creek Lodge No. 3, Titusville, Pennsylvania<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated8-65">[66]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jean Henri Dunant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Henri_Dunant">Jean Henri Dunant</a> founder of the <a title="Red Cross" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Cross">Red Cross</a> and shared the first <a title="Nobel Prize" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize">Nobel Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Herbert Dunnico" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Dunnico">Herbert Dunnico</a>, UK Politician and Master of the <a title="New Welcome Lodge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Welcome_Lodge">New Welcome Lodge</a><sup id="cite_ref-90"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-90">[91]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Duveen,_1st_Baron_Duveen">Joseph Duveen, 1st Baron Duveen</a>, UK art dealer, Royal Colonial Institute Lodge No. 3556<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>E</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Hubert Eaton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_Eaton">Hubert Eaton</a>, American chemist, Euclid Lodge, No. 58, Great Falls, Montana<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John David Eaton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_David_Eaton">John David Eaton</a>, President of the Canadian based <a title="Eaton's" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaton%27s">T. Eaton Company</a>. Assiniboine, No. 114, G.R.M., Winnipeg.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li>Edinburgh, Duke of, <em>see entry below for Prince Philip</em></li>
<li><a title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom">King Edward VII</a>, King of Great Britain, UGLE<sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edward VIII of the United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdom">King Edward VIII</a>, King of Great Britain; UGLE<sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gustave Eiffel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustave_Eiffel">Gustave Eiffel</a>, Designer and architect of the Eiffel Tower.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_91-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated15-91">[92]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Duke Ellington" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>, Musician, Social Lodge No. 1, Washington, D.C., Prince Hall Affiliation<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Oliver Ellsworth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Ellsworth">Oliver Ellsworth</a>, Chief Justice of the United States (1796-1800)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sam Ervin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Ervin">Sam Ervin</a>, US Senator.<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>F</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Eberhard Faber" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eberhard_Faber">Eberhard Faber</a>, founder of the Faber Pencil Company. Chancellor Walworth No. 271, New York,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Douglas Fairbanks" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>, movie star. Member of Beverly Hills Lodge No. 528<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ettore Ferrari" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettore_Ferrari">Ettore Ferrari</a>, Italian sculptor. <a title="Grand Master (Masonic)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Master_%28Masonic%29">Grand Master</a> of the <a title="Grande Oriente d'Italia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia">Grande Oriente d&#8217;Italia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_92-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated10-92">[93]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Stephen J. Field" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_J._Field">Stephen J. Field</a>, US Associate Justice (1863-1897)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Fields" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Fields">William Fields</a>, American comedian. Member of E. Coppee Mitchell Lodge No. 605, Philadelphia<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Charles Finney" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Finney">Charles Finney</a>, American Preacher, Evangelist and Author (1792-1875). Meridian Sun Lodge No. 32 in <a title="Warren, New York" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren,_New_York">Warren, New York</a>. Finney asked for dismissal and was honorably discharged.<sup id="cite_ref-93"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-93">[94]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Hamilton Fish IV" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_IV">Hamilton Fish IV</a>, US Politician<sup id="cite_ref-94"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-94">[95]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Geoffrey Fisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Fisher">Geoffrey Fisher</a>, the 99th <a title="Archbishop of Canterbury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> and head of the worldwide <a title="Anglican Communion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion">Anglican Communion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Fitch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Fitch">John Fitch</a>, US engineer. Member of Bristol lodge No.25<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sanford Fleming" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanford_Fleming">Sanford Fleming</a>, Canadian engineer and inventor. St. Andrew&#8217;s No. 16, Toronto, Ontario.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sir Alexander Fleming" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Alexander_Fleming">Sir Alexander Fleming</a>, Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. London Scottish Rifles Lodge No. 2310.<sup id="cite_ref-SRSJFleming_95-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-SRSJFleming-95">[96]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Banister Fletcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banister_Fletcher">Banister Fletcher</a>, English architect and historian of architecture. Initiated 1910, Authors&#8217; Lodge No. 3456<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated12-89">[90]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jean Pierre de Florian" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Pierre_de_Florian">Jean-Pierre Claris de Florian</a>, French poet and romance writer. Loge des Neuf Sœurs, Paris<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-nine_18-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-nine-18">[19]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Martin Folkes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Folkes">Martin Folkes</a>, originator of the story of the falling apple inspiring <a title="Issac Newton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issac_Newton">Newton&#8217;s</a> discovery of <a title="Gravity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity">gravity</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_96-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated3-96">[97]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Deodoro_da_Fonseca">Manuel Deodoro da Fonseca</a>, first President of Brazil. Grand Master of the Grande Oriente do Brasil.<sup id="cite_ref-97"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-97">[98]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gerald Ford" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford">Gerald Ford</a>, U.S. President. Malta Lodge No. 465, Grand Rapids, MI<sup id="cite_ref-98"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-98">[99]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry Ford" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ford">Henry Ford</a>, founder of the <a title="Ford Motor Company" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company">Ford Motor Company</a>. Raised in Palestine Lodge No. 35.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_96-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated3-96">[97]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nathan Bedford Forrest" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Bedford_Forrest">Nathan Bedford Forrest</a>, confederate general.<sup id="cite_ref-99"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-99">[100]</a></sup> Member of Angerona Lodge no. 168 in Tennessee, but later resigned from Freemasonry.<sup id="cite_ref-100"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-100">[101]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Antoine Fourcroy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Fourcroy">Antoine Fourcroy</a>, French chemistry pioneer, Lodge Les Neuf Soeurs at Paris<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_96-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated3-96">[97]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor">Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor</a><sup id="cite_ref-FI_101-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-FI-101">[102]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Benjamin Franklin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, February 1731, St. John&#8217;s Lodge of Philadelphia; <a title="Tun Tavern Lodge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Tavern_Lodge">Tun Tavern Lodge</a>, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Master of Loge <a title="Les Neuf Sœurs" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Neuf_S%C5%93urs">Les Neuf Sœurs</a>, Paris; Past Grand Master of Pennsylvania<sup id="cite_ref-102"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-102">[103]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry Frye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Frye">Henry Frye</a>, Chief Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, (Prince Hall)<sup id="cite_ref-103"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-103">[104]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>G</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Isabelle Gatti de Gamond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Gatti_de_Gamond">Isabelle Gatti de Gamond</a>, pioneering Belgian secular educationalist and Socialist activist<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Giuseppe Garibaldi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, Italian general.<sup id="cite_ref-104"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-104">[105]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James A. Garfield" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield">James A. Garfield</a>, U.S. President. Magnolia Lodge No. 20, Columbus Lodge No. 30, and Garrettsville Lodge No. 246, Ohio<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-105">[106]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Licio Gelli" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licio_Gelli">Licio Gelli</a>, Italian politician. Worshipful master of <a title="Propaganda Due" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_Due">Propaganda Due</a> &#8211; Expelled in 1981 (some say 1976) by the Grand Orient of Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-106"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-106">[107]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George IV of the United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom">King George IV</a>, King of Great Britain, UGLE<sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George VI of the United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_VI_of_the_United_Kingdom">King George VI</a>, King of Great Britain, UGLE<sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ion Ghica" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Ghica">Ion Ghica</a>, twice <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>, four-time President of the <a title="Romanian Academy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Academy">Romanian Academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="W.S.Gilbert" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.S.Gilbert">Sir W S Gilbert</a>, one half of &#8216;<a title="Gilbert and Sullivan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>&#8216;.<sup id="cite_ref-gilandsul_107-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gilandsul-107">[108]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="King C. Gillette" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_C._Gillette">King C. Gillette</a>, American businessman<sup id="cite_ref-108"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-108">[109]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John H. Glenn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H._Glenn">John H. Glenn</a>, Jr., Astronaut and US Senator<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Concord Lodge No.688 Concord, Ohio<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>, German philosopher and Poet. Lodge Amelie, Weimar.<sup id="cite_ref-109"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-109">[110]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Octavian Goga" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octavian_Goga">Octavian Goga</a>, <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (1937-38).<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Alexandru G. Golescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_G._Golescu">Alexandru G. Golescu</a>, <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (1870).<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="E. Urner Goodman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._Urner_Goodman">E. Urner Goodman</a>, co-founder of the <a title="Boy Scouts of America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America">Boy Scouts</a>&#8216; <a title="Order of the Arrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Arrow">Order of the Arrow</a><sup id="cite_ref-110"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-110">[111]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henri Grégoire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gr%C3%A9goire">Henri Grégoire</a>, Roman Catholic priest, <a title="Civil Constitution of the Clergy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Constitution_of_the_Clergy">Constitutional bishop of Blois</a> and French revolutionary leader.<sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_42-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-lemonde-42">[43]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Gus Grissom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus_Grissom">Virgil I. Grissom</a>, American astronaut. Mitchell Lodge No. 228, Mitchell, Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-111"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-111">[112]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>H</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Manly Palmer Hall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manly_Palmer_Hall">Manly Palmer Hall</a>, Esoteric author. Raised 1954/11/22 into Jewel Lodge No. 374, San Francisco<sup id="cite_ref-112"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-112">[113]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Lionel Hampton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Hampton">Lionel Hampton</a>, Musician, (Prince Hall).<sup id="cite_ref-113"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-113">[114]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Hancock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock">John Hancock</a>, <a title="American Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolution">American revolutionary</a>, merchant and statesman.<sup id="cite_ref-114"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-114">[115]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Winfield Scott Hancock" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a>, U.S. General. Charity Lodge #190, <a title="Norristown, Pennsylvania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norristown,_Pennsylvania">Norristown, Pennsylvania</a><sup title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from July 2009">[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a></em>]</sup></li>
<li><a title="Warren G. Harding" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding">Warren G. Harding</a>, U.S. President. Marion Lodge No. 70, Ohio<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Marshall Harlan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan">John M. Harlan</a>, US Associate <a title="Supreme Court" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court">Supreme Court</a> Justice.<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph Hewes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hewes">Joseph Hewes</a>, Signer of the American Declaration of Independence.<sup id="cite_ref-115"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-115">[116]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="J. Edgar Hoover" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover">J. Edgar Hoover</a>, First Director of the FBI.<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Grand Cross. Federal Lodge No. 1, Washington, D.C.</li>
<li><a title="Tim Horton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Horton">Tim Horton</a>, Canadian ice hockey player. Initiated in Kroy Lodge No. 676, Toronto, Ontario, in 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Harry Houdini" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Houdini">Harry Houdini</a>, Escape artist.<sup id="cite_ref-116"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-116">[117]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Howley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howley">William Howley</a>, the 90th <a title="Archbishop of Canterbury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, and head of the worldwide <a title="Anglican Communion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglican_Communion">Anglican Communion</a>. Royal York Lodge, Bristol, England.<sup id="cite_ref-117"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-117">[118]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-118">[119]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-119"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-119">[120]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edward John Hutchins" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_John_Hutchins">Edward John Hutchins</a> (1809 – 1876), a Liberal MP in the UK Parliament M<sup id="cite_ref-120"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-120">[121]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Camille Huysmans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille_Huysmans">Camille Huysmans</a>, Mayor of <a title="Antwerp" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antwerp">Antwerp</a> and Prime Minister of Belgium.<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>I</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Burl Ives" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burl_Ives">Burl Ives</a>, American actor and singer,<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Magnolia (now Magnolia-La Cumbre) Lodge No. 242, California</li>
</ul>
<h2>J</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Nat Jackley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nat_Jackley">Nat Jackley</a> English comic actor.<sup id="cite_ref-ugle_121-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-ugle-121">[122]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Andrew Jackson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a>, U.S. President. Harmony Lodge No. 1<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jesse Jackson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse_Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a>, US Civil Rights leader and Politician, Harmony Lodge No. 88, Chicago, Illinois (PHA)<sup id="cite_ref-122"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-122">[123]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-123">[124]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert H. Jackson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson">Robert H. Jackson</a>, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice (1941-1954)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Jay" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jay">John Jay</a>, Chief Justice of the United States (1789-1795)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Andrew Johnson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>, U.S. President. Greenville Lodge No. 119, Tennessee<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Paul Jones" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Paul_Jones">John Paul Jones</a>, Naval hero during the American Revolution, St. Bernards Lodge No. 122, Kirkudbright, Scotland<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Melvin Jones" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melvin_Jones">Melvin Jones</a>, Founder of <a title="Lions Clubs International" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lions_Clubs_International">Lions Clubs International</a>, Garden City Lodge No. 141, Illinois<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Benito Juárez" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benito_Ju%C3%A1rez">Benito Juárez</a>, President of Mexico. Rito Nacional Mexicano de la Logia Independiente, No. 02</li>
</ul>
<h2>K</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="David Kalakaua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Kalakaua">David Kalakaua</a>, King of Hawaii, 1874-91. Lodge Le Progress de l&#8217;Oceanie No. 124<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-15"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Alexander Keith" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Keith">Alexander Keith</a>, Canadian politician and brewmaster, former Grand Master of <a title="Nova Scotia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia">Nova Scotia</a> <sup id="cite_ref-124"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-124">[125]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Rudyard Kipling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a>, UK author and poet, Hope and Perseverance Lodge No. 782. E.C., Lahore, India; founding member, The Builders of the Silent Cities Lodge No. 12, St. Omer, France, F.R.<sup id="cite_ref-125"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-125">[126]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Adolph Knigge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolph_Knigge">Adolph Knigge</a>, German author<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_126-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated5-126">[127]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mark Koltko-Rivera" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Koltko-Rivera">Mark Koltko-Rivera</a>, American scientific author in field of psychology. Winter Park Lodge #239 (Florida).<sup id="cite_ref-MEKR_in_SRJ_127-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-MEKR_in_SRJ-127">[128]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mihail Kogălniceanu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Kog%C4%83lniceanu">Mihail Kogălniceanu</a> <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (1863-65), Liberal statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>L</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Frank S. Land" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_S._Land">Frank S. Land</a>, member of the Ivanhoe Lodge #446 on June 29, 1912 in Kansas City. He was the founder of <a title="DeMolay International" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeMolay_International">DeMolay International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-128"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-128">[129]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph Lamar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lamar">Joseph Lamar</a>, US Associate Justice (1888-1893), Webb Lodge No. 166 F.&amp; A.M., Augusta, Georgia<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelis_Jacobus_Langenhoven">Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven</a> (1873–1932), <a title="Afrikaans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> writer and member of <a title="South Africa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa">South African</a> parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-129"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-129">[130]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-130">[131]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="José P. Laurel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_P._Laurel">José P. Laurel</a>, President of the Japanese-Sponsored <a title="Republic of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Philippines">Republic of the Philippines</a> during <a title="World War II" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II">World War II</a>, from 1943 to 1945. Batangas Lodge No. 383 under the Gran Oriente Espanol, (renamed Batangas Lodge No. 35 under the Grand Lodge of the Philippines).<sup id="cite_ref-131"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-131">[132]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Scott Leavitt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Leavitt">Scott Leavitt</a>, United States Congressman from Montana. Member of Delta Lodge 128, <a title="Great Falls, Montana" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Falls,_Montana">Great Falls, Montana</a><sup id="cite_ref-132"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-132">[133]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Leopold I of Belgium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium">Leopold I of Belgium</a>, king of Belgium<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Meriwether Lewis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meriwether_Lewis">Meriwether Lewis</a>, Explorer, Lewis and Clark expedition. Door to Virtue Lodge No. 44, Albemarle County, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-pagrandlodge1_63-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-pagrandlodge1-63">[64]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Frank Licht" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Licht">Frank Licht</a>, Politician. Governor of <a title="Rhode Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island">Rhode Island</a> (1969-1973)<sup id="cite_ref-133"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-133">[134]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Joseph_Rouget_de_Lisle">Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle</a>, composer of <a title="La Marseillaise" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a><sup id="cite_ref-134"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-134">[135]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Pascal Lissouba" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascal_Lissouba">Pascal Lissouba</a>, president of the Republic of the Congo, 1992-1997.<sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_42-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-lemonde-42">[43]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Franz Liszt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, Composer. Lodge zur Einigkeit, Frankurt.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated15_91-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated15-91">[92]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Charles Lindbergh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh">Charles Lindbergh</a>, US Aviator and chairman of the <a title="America First Committee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_First_Committee">America First Committee</a>, Keystone Lodge No. 243, St. Louis, Mo.<sup id="cite_ref-135"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-135">[136]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Philippe_II,_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans">Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans</a>, Grandmaster of the <a title="Grand Orient de France" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Orient_de_France">Grand Orient de France</a> during the <a title="French Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a><sup id="cite_ref-136"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-136">[137]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Trent Lott" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_Lott">Trent Lott</a>, Former majority leader of the US Senate<sup id="cite_ref-137"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-137">[138]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Harold Lloyd" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Lloyd">Harold Lloyd</a>, silent film comedian and Imperial Potentate of the <a title="Shriners" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shriners">Shriners</a> of North America, 1949-50.<sup id="cite_ref-138"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-138">[139]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Graciano López Jaena" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graciano_L%C3%B3pez_Jaena">Graciano López Jaena</a>, <a title="Filipino people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_people">Filipino</a> writer and journalist in the <a title="Philippine Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a>. Worshipful Master at Logia Povernir No. 2.<sup id="cite_ref-139"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-139">[140]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Juan Luna" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Luna">Juan Luna</a>, <a title="Filipino people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_people">Filipino</a> painter and a political activist of the <a title="Philippine Revolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Revolution">Philippine Revolution</a> during the 1800s. Raised in <a title="Paris" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris">Paris</a>, <a title="France" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France">France</a>, under the auspices of Lodge Solidaridad 53.<sup id="cite_ref-140"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-140">[141]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>M</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Apolinario Mabini" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a>, First <a title="Prime Minister of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines">prime minister</a>, 1899. September 1892 at Logia Balagtas 149 under the Grand Oriente Espanol.<sup id="cite_ref-141"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-141">[142]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John A. Macdonald" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A._Macdonald">Sir John A. Macdonald</a>, The first Prime Minister of the Dominion of Canada (1867 &#8211; 1873 and 1878-1891). Began the creation of rail service across Canada. St. John&#8217;s Lodge No. 758, Kingston, Ontario. Honourary Past Grand Senior Warden.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Bayne Maclean" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bayne_Maclean">John Bayne Maclean</a>, Canadian founder of <a title="Maclean's" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maclean%27s">Maclean&#8217;s Magazine</a> and President of Maclean&#8217;s Publishing Co. Ionic Lodge No. 25, Toronto, ON.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert Macoy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Macoy">Robert Macoy</a>, US publisher and organizer of Eastern Star<sup id="cite_ref-142"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-142">[143]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Titu Maiorescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titu_Maiorescu">Titu Maiorescu</a> Romanian literary critic and politician, <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> (1913-14).<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Marshall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Marshall">John Marshall</a>, Chief Justice of the United States (1801-1835), Grand Master of Virginia from 1793-1795<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thurgood Marshall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a>, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice (1967-1991), Coal Creek Lodge No. 88, Tulsa, Oklahoma PHA<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-16"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="General Douglas MacArthur" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Douglas_MacArthur">General Douglas MacArthur</a>, US General during World War II,<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Manila Lodge No. 1, 1936, <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippines</a> <sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-17"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Harpo Marx" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpo_Marx">Harpo Marx</a>, US film comedian<sup id="cite_ref-143"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-143">[144]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Francis Mason" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Mason">Francis Mason</a>, <a title="United States of America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_of_America">American</a> missionary and zoologist<sup id="cite_ref-144"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-144">[145]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Giuseppe Mazzini" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a> Italian Revolutionary, Grand Master of the <a title="Grande Oriente d'Italia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia">Grande Oriente d&#8217;Italia</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated10_92-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated10-92">[93]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John S. McCain, Sr." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_S._McCain,_Sr.">John S. McCain, Sr.</a> (1884-1945), US admiral, Carrollton Lodge No. 36<sup id="cite_ref-145"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-145">[146]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John S. McCain, Jr." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_S._McCain,_Jr.">John S. McCain, Jr.</a> (1911-1981), US admiral, made &#8220;Mason at Sight&#8221;, Grand Lodge of the District of Columbia, 1975, enrolled St. John&#8217;s Lodge No. 11<sup id="cite_ref-146"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-146">[147]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Henry Joy McCracken" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Joy_McCracken">Henry Joy McCracken</a>, Member of the <a title="Society of the United Irishmen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_the_United_Irishmen">Society of the United Irishmen</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_147-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated1-147">[148]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William McKinley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley">William McKinley</a>, U.S. President. Hiram Lodge No. 21, Virginia. Demitted from same to become a Charter Member of Eagle Lodge No. 431, Canton, Ohio (a.k.a. William McKinley Lodge)<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-18"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Samuel McLaughlin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_McLaughlin">Samuel McLaughlin</a>, Founder and President of the McLaughlin Carriage Co. which later became <a title="General Motors" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Motors">General Motors of Canada</a>. Cedar Lodge No. 270, Oshawa, Ontario. Grand Steward in 1945, 75 year member in the Craft. Royal Arch, Knight Templar, President of Oshawa Shrine Club.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John McLean" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McLean">John McLean</a>, US Associate Justice (1829-1861)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ned Ray McWherter" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ned_Ray_McWherter">Ned Ray McWherter</a>, <a title="Governor of Tennessee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee">Governor of Tennessee</a> (1987-1995).<sup id="cite_ref-148"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-148">[149]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A3o_de_Melo,_Marquis_of_Pombal">Sebastião de Melo, Marquis of Pombal</a>, 18th century Portuguese statesman<sup id="cite_ref-149"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-149">[150]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-150"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-150">[151]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert Menzies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Menzies">Sir Robert Menzies</a>, 12th Prime Minister of Australia, Austral Temple Lodge No. 110, <a title="Victoria, Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Australia">VC</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_151-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated14-151">[152]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Juan Álvarez Mendizábal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_%C3%81lvarez_Mendiz%C3%A1bal">Juan Álvarez Mendizábal</a>, Spanish minister of the Treasury, Taller Sublime, Cádiz<sup id="cite_ref-152"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-152">[153]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George Middleton (1735–1815)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Middleton_%281735%E2%80%931815%29">George Middleton</a>, Third Master of African Lodge #459 (Prince Hall)<sup id="cite_ref-153"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-153">[154]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="J. B. Milam" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._B._Milam">J. B. Milam</a> (1884-1949), Principal Chief of the Cherokee Nation, 32 degree Mason<sup id="cite_ref-154"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-154">[155]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sherman Minton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherman_Minton">Sherman Minton</a>, US Associate Justice (1949-1956)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ion Minulescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Minulescu">Ion Minulescu</a> Romanian poet, novelist, short story writer, journalist, literary critic and playwright.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Kweisi Mfume" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kweisi_Mfume">Kweisi Mfume</a>, President NAACP, Mount Olive Lodge No. 25, Baltimore, Maryland (Prince Hall).<sup id="cite_ref-155"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-155">[156]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Molson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Molson">John Molson</a>, Founder of <a title="Molson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molson">Molson Breweries</a>. St. Paul&#8217;s Lodge, No. 374 UGLE, Montreal. Past Provincial Grand Master.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Bob Monkhouse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Monkhouse">Bob Monkhouse</a>, English comedian and television presenter, Chelsea Lodge No.3098.<sup id="cite_ref-156"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-156">[157]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MQ_magazine_on-line_157-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-MQ_magazine_on-line-157">[158]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Monroe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe">James Monroe</a> U.S. President, Williamsburg Lodge No. 6, Williamsburg, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-158"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-158">[159]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-159">[160]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Montgolfier brothers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgolfier_brothers">Jacque-Étienne Montgolfier</a>, co-inventor of the <a title="Hot air balloon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_balloon">Hot air balloon</a>, 1745 &#8211; 1799. Initiated 1784, Loge des Neuf Soeurs, Paris<sup id="cite_ref-freemasonry.bcy.ca_160-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-freemasonry.bcy.ca-160">[161]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph-Michel Montgolfier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph-Michel_Montgolfier">Joseph-Michel Montgolfier</a>, co-inventor of the <a title="Hot air balloon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_air_balloon">Hot air balloon</a>, 1740 &#8211; 1810. Initiated 1806, Loge des Neuf Soeurs, Paris<sup id="cite_ref-freemasonry.bcy.ca_160-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-freemasonry.bcy.ca-160">[161]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William H. Moody" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_H._Moody">William H. Moody</a>, US Associate Justice (1906-1910)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert Moray" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moray">Robert Moray</a>, Scottish philosopher, Edinburgh [Lodge] 1641.<sup id="cite_ref-161"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-161">[162]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Hunt Morgan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hunt_Morgan">John Hunt Morgan</a> General for the <a title="Confederate States of America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America">Confederate States of America</a>, Daviess Lodge #22, <a title="Lexington, Kentucky" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a> <sup id="cite_ref-162"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-162">[163]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Rob Morris (Freemason)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Morris_%28Freemason%29">Robert Morris</a>, Poet Laureate of Freemasonry and founder of the Order of the Eastern Star<sup id="cite_ref-masonicinfo-2_163-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-masonicinfo-2-163">[164]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a>, Composer. Zur Wohltätigkeit (Charity) Lodge, Austria. Composed several pieces of Masonic ritual music, the first at age 11.<sup id="cite_ref-mozart_164-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-mozart-164">[165]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Leopold Mozart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold_Mozart">Leopold Mozart</a>, Father of <a title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart">Amadeus</a>, Zur Wohltätigkeit (Charity) Lodge, Austria.<sup id="cite_ref-mozart_164-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-mozart-164">[165]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Audie Murphy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audie_Murphy">Audie Murphy</a>, One of the most decorated United States combat soldier of World War II<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>N</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="James Naismith" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Naismith">James Naismith</a>, Canadian-born American sports educator who invented the game of basketball.<sup id="cite_ref-CANADA_3-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-CANADA-3">[4]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ernesto Nathan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernesto_Nathan">Ernesto Nathan</a>, Italian politician and <a title="Mayor of Rome" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Rome">mayor of Rome</a>, grand master of the <a title="Grande Oriente d'Italia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grande_Oriente_d%27Italia">Grande Oriente d&#8217;Italia</a><sup id="cite_ref-165"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-165">[166]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Samuel Nelson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Nelson">Samuel Nelson</a>, US Associate Justice (1845-1872)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Kenneth Noye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Noye">Kenneth Noye</a>, British criminal, Hammersmith Lodge<sup id="cite_ref-166"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-166">[167]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sam Nunn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Nunn">Sam Nunn</a>, US Senator.<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>O</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Daniel O'Connell" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_O%27Connell">Daniel O&#8217;Connell</a> Irish political figure,Lodge No. 189, Dublin, in 1797<sup id="cite_ref-167"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-167">[168]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Bernardo O'Higgins" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_O%27Higgins">Bernardo O&#8217;Higgins</a> South American revolutionary leader and first Chilean head of state as Captain General<sup id="cite_ref-168"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-168">[169]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Camilo Osías" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camilo_Os%C3%ADas">Camilo Osías</a>, <a title="President of the Senate of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines">President of the Senate of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-169"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-169">[170]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>P</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Brad Paisley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Paisley">Brad Paisley</a>, American country music artist, Southern Jurisdiction, Scottish Rite.<sup id="cite_ref-170"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-170">[171]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Alexandru Paleologu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Paleologu">Alexandru Paleologu</a> Romanian essayist, literary critic, diplomat and politician.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Rafael Palma" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Palma">Rafael Palma</a>, Filipino politician, writer, and educator. Fourth President of the <a title="University of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Philippines">University of the Philippines</a>. Bagong Buhay Lodge No. 291 (renumbered No. 16) July 14, 1908. Affiliated with Sinukuan Lodge No. 16 and in 1920 became Grand Master, the unified Grand Lodge of the <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippine Islands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-171"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-171">[172]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Arnold Palmer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Palmer">Arnold Palmer</a>, Professional Golfer,<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-11"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Loyalhanna Lodge No. 275, Latrobe, Pennsylvania</li>
<li><a title="Quintin Paredes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quintin_Paredes">Quintin Paredes</a>, <a title="Filipino people" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_people">Filipino</a> lawyer, politician, and statesman. Raised November 29, 1913 at Sinukuan Lodge No. 16 and became its Worshipful Master in 1920. Grand Master 1922<sup id="cite_ref-172"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-172">[173]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Richard Parsons, 1st Earl of Rosse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Parsons,_1st_Earl_of_Rosse">Richard Parsons, 1st Earl of Rosse</a>, First recorded Grandmaster of Ireland and founder of the Dublin Hellfire club<sup id="cite_ref-173"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-173">[174]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Paterson (judge)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Paterson_%28judge%29">William Paterson</a>, US Associate Justice (1793-1806)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup> and 2nd governor of New Jersey</li>
<li><a title="Norman Vincent Peale" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Vincent_Peale">Norman Vincent Peale</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-12"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Midwood Lodge No. 1062, Brooklyn, New York</li>
<li><a title="James Cash Penney" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cash_Penney">James Cash Penney</a> Founder of J.C. Penney&#8217;s department stores. Wasatch Lodge #1 in Salt Lake City, Utah.<sup id="cite_ref-174"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-174">[175]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Matthew Calbraith Perry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Calbraith_Perry">Matthew Calbraith Perry</a>, Commodore, US Navy, The Holland Lodge No. 8, New York, New York, 1819<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_20-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated6-20">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John J. Pershing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J._Pershing">John J. Pershing</a>, Commander, American Expeditionary Force, World War I, Lincoln Lodge No.19, Lincoln, Nebraska.<sup id="cite_ref-175"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-175">[176]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>, husband of Queen Elizabeth II, Navy Lodge No 2612, London.<sup id="cite_ref-176"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-176">[177]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Henry Lawrence Phillips" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Henry_Lawrence_Phillips">John Henry Lawrence Phillips</a>, Bishop of Portsmouth,1960-1975: <a title="Provincial Grand Master" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_Grand_Master">Provincial Grand Master</a> Hampshire &amp; Isle of Wight, 1975-1979 <sup id="cite_ref-177"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-177">[178]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George Pickett" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pickett">George Pickett</a>, Confederate general at <a title="Gettysburg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gettysburg">Gettysburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-178"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-178">[179]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Albert Pike" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Pike">Albert Pike</a>, Confederate general, re-wrote rituals for Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction), author of <a title="Morals and Dogma" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morals_and_Dogma">Morals and Dogma</a>, Western Star Lodge No. 2, Little Rock, Arkansas. Sovereign Grand Commander AASR, Southern Jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-179"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-179">[180]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Pintard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pintard">John Pintard</a>, founder of the <a title="New York Historical Society" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Historical_Society">New York Historical Society</a>, The Holland Lodge No. 8, New York, New York<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_20-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated6-20">[21]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Augustus Le Plongeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Le_Plongeon">Augustus Le Plongeon</a>, French Archaeologist. First to survey and excavate at Chitchen Itza.<sup id="cite_ref-180"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-180">[181]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joel Roberts Poinsett" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Roberts_Poinsett">Joel Roberts Poinsett</a>, U.S. statesman, diplomat, physician and botanist.<sup id="cite_ref-Poinsett_-_A_revolutionary_diplomat_58-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Poinsett_-_A_revolutionary_diplomat-58">[59]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James K. Polk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Polk">James K. Polk</a>, U.S. President. Initiated June 5, 1820, Columbia Lodge No. 31, Tennessee<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-19"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mariano Ponce" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Ponce">Mariano Ponce</a>, <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Filipino</a> <a title="Physician" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician">physician</a> Initiated in Madrid and became Secretary of Logia Revoluccion and Logia Solidaridad 53. He also became a 33° mason under the auspices of the Gran Oriente Español.<sup id="cite_ref-181"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-181">[182]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Eugène Edine Pottier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Edine_Pottier">Eugène Edine Pottier</a>, French composer of <em>the Internationale</em><sup id="cite_ref-182"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-182">[183]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Reynato Puno" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynato_Puno">Reynato Puno</a>, <a title="Chief Justice" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice">Chief Justice</a> of the <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippines</a>, Grandmaster of Masons, active member of Hiram Lodge No. 88, and the Grand Lodge of the Philippines<sup id="cite_ref-183"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-183">[184]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-184"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-184">[185]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-185">[186]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Alexander Pushkin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>, Russian poet. Lodge Ovid, Kischinev, 1821<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-20"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Preston (Freemason)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Preston_%28Freemason%29">William Preston</a>, Author of <em>Illustrations of Masonry</em>.<sup id="cite_ref-186"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-186">[187]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Richard Pryor" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pryor">Richard Pryor</a>, American comedian and actor. Henry Brown Lodge No. 22, Peoria, Illinois.<sup id="cite_ref-187"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-187">[188]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>Q</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Manuel L. Quezon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a>, First president of the <a title="Commonwealth of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Philippines">Commonwealth of the Philippines</a> under U.S. occupation rule in the early period of the 20th century. Raised March 17, 1908 at Sinukuan Lodge No. 272 (renamed Sinukuan Lodge No. 16). first Filipino Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of the Philippine Islands that was established in 1917.<sup id="cite_ref-188"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-188">[189]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>R</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Ion Heliade Rădulescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_Heliade_R%C4%83dulescu">Ion Heliade Rădulescu</a> Romanian academic, poet, essayist, memoirist, short story writer, newspaper editor and politician.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nick Rahall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Rahall">Nick Rahall</a> (b. 1949), US representative from West Virginia<sup id="cite_ref-189"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-189">[190]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thomas Stamford Raffles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Stamford_Raffles">Thomas Stamford Raffles</a>, Raised July 5, 1813, Lodge De Vriendschap, Sourabaya<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_190-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated4-190">[191]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="A. Philip Randolph" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a>, Joppa Lodge No. 55, NYC <sup id="cite_ref-191"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-191">[192]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Stanley F. Reed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_F._Reed">Stanley F. Reed</a>, US Associate Justice (1938-1957)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George Reid (Australian politician)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Reid_%28Australian_politician%29">George Reid</a>, 4th Prime Minister of Australia, Lodge Centennial No. 169, UGL of <a title="New South Wales" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales">New South Wales</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated14_151-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated14-151">[152]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ed Rendell" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Rendell">Ed Rendell</a>, Governor of Pennsylvania <sup id="cite_ref-192"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-192">[193]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Theodor Reuss" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Reuss">Theodor Reuss</a>, German occultist and head of <a title="O.T.O." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O.T.O.">O.T.O.</a>, Pilger Loge #238 (UGLE) 1878, and excluded from Freemasonry in 1880.<sup id="cite_ref-GL_of_BC.26Y_article_on_Reuss_193-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GL_of_BC.26Y_article_on_Reuss-193">[194]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Paul Revere" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere">Paul Revere</a>, American Revolutionary hero, St. Andrew&#8217;s Lodge, Boston, Massachusetts; Grand Master of Massachusetts 1794-97.<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-21"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Michael Richards" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Richards">Michael Richards</a>, American Actor<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-SJ-casalou_194-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-SJ-casalou-194">[195]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AASR-SJ-marsellos_195-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-SJ-marsellos-195">[196]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Rafael del Riego" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_del_Riego">Rafael del Riego</a>, Spanish general and liberal politician<sup id="cite_ref-196"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-196">[197]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Ringling Brothers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringling_Brothers">Ringling Brothers</a> (all seven of them), American circus promoters<sup id="cite_ref-197"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-197">[198]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jose Rizal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_Rizal">Jose Rizal</a>, <a title="Polymath" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymath">Polymath</a> and National Hero of the <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippines</a>, Logia Solidaridad 53 Madrid, Spain; made honorary Worshipful Master of Nilad Lodge No. 144 in 1892<sup id="cite_ref-198"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-198">[199]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Charles Owen Leaver Riley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Owen_Leaver_Riley">Charles Owen Leaver Riley</a>, Anglican Archbishop, Grand Master of District Grand Lodge of <a title="Western Australia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia">Western Australia</a> 1904-17, 1920-29.<sup id="cite_ref-199"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-199">[200]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Roy Rogers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Rogers">Roy Rogers</a>, American actor, Hollywood Lodge No. 355, California<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-22"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-200"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-200">[201]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Will Rogers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Rogers">Will Rogers</a> American political commontator and satirist, Claremore Lodge No. 53, OK<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt">Franklin Delano Roosevelt</a>, U.S. President. Holland Lodge No. 8, New York<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Theodore Roosevelt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>, U.S. President. Matinecock Lodge No. 806, Oyster Bay, New York<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Félicien Rops" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9licien_Rops">Félicien Rops</a> Belgian artist<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Edmundo Ros" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmundo_Ros">Edmundo Ros</a>, Musician. Sprig of Acacia Lodge, Javea, Spain <sup id="cite_ref-201"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-201">[202]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Constantin Daniel Rosenthal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Daniel_Rosenthal">Constantin Daniel Rosenthal</a> Romanian painter and 1848 revolutionary.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-23"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="C. A. Rosetti" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._A._Rosetti">C. A. Rosetti</a> Romanian literary and political leader, participant in the <a title="Wallachian Revolution of 1848" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallachian_Revolution_of_1848">Wallachian Revolution of 1848</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-24"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Mayer Rothschild" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Mayer_Rothschild">James Mayer Rothschild</a> Financier, Initiated Oct. 24, 1802: Emulation Lodge No. 12, London<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Archibald Hamilton Rowan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Hamilton_Rowan">Archibald Hamilton Rowan</a>, member of the <a title="Society of the United Irishmen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_the_United_Irishmen">Society of the United Irishmen</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_147-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated1-147">[148]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Manuel Roxas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a>, was the first president of the independent <a title="Republic of the Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_the_Philippines">Republic of the Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-202"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-202">[203]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Byron Rumford" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Byron_Rumford">William Byron Rumford</a>, California legislator, Most Worshipful <a title="Prince Hall Freemasonry" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Hall_Freemasonry">Prince Hall</a> Grand Lodge, Berkeley, California<sup id="cite_ref-203"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-203">[204]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Alecu Russo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alecu_Russo">Alecu Russo</a> Romanian writer, literary critic and publicist.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Rutledge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rutledge">John Rutledge</a>, Chief Justice of the United States (1795), Associate Justice (1789-1791)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-25"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>S</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Mihail Sadoveanu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihail_Sadoveanu">Mihail Sadoveanu</a> Romanian Novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, Grand Master from 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Práxedes Mateo Sagasta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A1xedes_Mateo_Sagasta">Práxedes Mateo Sagasta</a>, (1825-1903) Prime Minister of Spain<sup id="cite_ref-204"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-204">[205]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Augusto César Sandino" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusto_C%C3%A9sar_Sandino">Augusto César Sandino</a> Central American revolutionary and founder of the Nicaraguan <a title="Sandinistas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandinistas">Sandinistas</a> <sup id="cite_ref-205"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-205">[206]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jose de San Martin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jose_de_San_Martin">Jose de San Martin</a>, Argentine hero from the Spanish Revolution<sup id="cite_ref-206"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-206">[207]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Antonio López de Santa Anna" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio_L%C3%B3pez_de_Santa_Anna">Antonio López de Santa Anna</a>, (Santa Ana) Mexican general and President<sup id="cite_ref-ridmex_7-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-ridmex-7">[8]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Artur Santos" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur_Santos">Artur Santos</a>, Portuguese politician, Mayor of <a title="Ourem" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourem">Ourem</a> during the <a title="Our Lady of Fatima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Fatima">Fatima apparitions</a><sup id="cite_ref-207"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-207">[208]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Lope K. Santos" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lope_K._Santos">Lope K. Santos</a>, <a title="Tagalog language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagalog_language">Tagalog language</a> writer from the <a title="Philippines" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines">Philippines</a>. first Woshipful Master of Magat Lodge No. 68 in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya.<sup id="cite_ref-208"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-208">[209]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Denis Sassou Nguesso" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso">Denis Sassou Nguesso</a>, general and the president of the Republic of the Congo.<sup id="cite_ref-lemonde_42-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-lemonde-42">[43]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Peter Sellers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Sellers">Peter Sellers</a>, actor, comedian, star of <a title="The Goon Show" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Goon_Show">The Goon Show</a> and <a title="The Pink Panther" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pink_Panther">The Pink Panther</a> movie series, Chelsea Lodge No 3098, UGLE<sup id="cite_ref-MQ_magazine_on-line_157-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-MQ_magazine_on-line-157">[158]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sir Ernest Shackleton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Ernest_Shackleton">Sir Ernest Shackleton</a>, UK explorer<sup id="cite_ref-209"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-209">[210]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Philipp Gotthard of Schaffgotsch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Gotthard_of_Schaffgotsch">Philipp Gotthard of Schaffgotsch</a>, <a title="Prince-Bishop" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince-Bishop">Prince-Bishop</a> of <a title="Breslau" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breslau">Breslau</a><sup id="cite_ref-210"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-210">[211]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Friedrich Schiller" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a>, Rudolstadt Lodge, Berlin<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Richard Seddon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Seddon">Richard Seddon</a>, Longest serving <a title="Prime Minister of New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand">Prime Minister of New Zealand</a> (1893-1906), Grand Master of New Zealand (1898-1900)<sup id="cite_ref-211"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-211">[212]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-212"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-212">[213]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jean Sibelius" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Sibelius">Jean Sibelius</a>, Composer, Suomi Lodge No. 1, Helsinki, Finland, 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-213"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-213">[214]</a></sup> Wrote several pieces of interest to Masons including &#8220;Praising Hymn&#8221; and the &#8220;Ode to Fraternity.&#8221;</li>
<li><a title="Heath Shuler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath_Shuler">Heath Shuler</a>, United States Congressman for North Carolina, Oconee Lodge 427.<sup id="cite_ref-214"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-214">[215]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-215"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-215">[216]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-216"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-216">[217]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sampson Simson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampson_Simson">Sampson Simson</a>, Lawyer and philanthropist<sup id="cite_ref-217"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-217">[218]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Sloan (Orangeman)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Sloan_%28Orangeman%29">James Sloan</a>, co-founder of the <a title="Orange Order" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Order">Orange Order</a><sup id="cite_ref-original_218-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-original-218">[219]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph Smith, Sr." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith,_Sr.">Joseph Smith, Sr.</a>, Mormon leader, Ontario Lodge No. 23 of Canandaigua, New York, 1818<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated11_219-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated11-219">[220]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph Smith, Jr." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Smith,_Jr.">Joseph Smith, Jr.</a>, Founder of the <a title="Latter Day Saint movement" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_movement">Latter Day Saint movement</a>, Nauvoo Lodge, Illinois<sup id="cite_ref-220"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-220">[221]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Hyrum Smith" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyrum_Smith">Hyrum Smith</a>, Mormon leader, Mount Moriah Lodge No. 112, Palmyra, New York<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated11_219-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated11-219">[220]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Philip Sousa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a>, Composer,<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-13"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup> Hiram Lodge No. 10, Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-14"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-hall-25">[26]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Red Skelton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Skelton">Richard Bernard &#8220;Red&#8221; Skelton</a>, American comedian, Vincennes Lodge No. 1, Vincennes, Indiana<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AASR-SJ-casalou_194-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-AASR-SJ-casalou-194">[195]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Bernard Spilsbury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Spilsbury">Sir Bernard Spilsbury</a>, British forensic scientist.<sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jock Stein" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock_Stein">Jock Stein</a>, <a title="Football (soccer)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football_%28soccer%29">football</a> manager of teams including <a title="Celtic F.C." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_F.C.">Celtic F.C.</a> and <a title="Scotland national football team" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotland_national_football_team">Scotland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-221"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-221">[222]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Stanisław Stempowski" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Stempowski">Stanisław Stempowski</a>, Grand Master of the National Grand Lodge of Poland (1926-1928)<sup id="cite_ref-222"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-222">[223]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Potter Stewart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potter_Stewart">Potter Stewart</a>, US Associate Justice (1958-1981)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-26"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Philipp von Stosch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_von_Stosch">Philipp von Stosch</a>, occultist, antiquarian and English spy.<sup id="cite_ref-223"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-223">[224]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Joseph Story" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Story">Joseph Story</a>, US Associate Justice (1811-1845)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Alexandru Sturdza" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Sturdza">Alexandru Sturdza</a>, Russian publicist and diplomat of Romanian origin.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-27"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Dimitrie Sturdza" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitrie_Sturdza">Dimitrie Sturdza</a>, four-time <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>, president of the <a title="Romanian Academy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Academy">Romanian Academy</a> (1882-1884).<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Arthur Sullivan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Sullivan">Sir Arthur Sullivan</a>, Sullivan of &#8216;<a title="Gilbert and Sullivan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>&#8216;<sup id="cite_ref-gilandsul_107-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gilandsul-107">[108]</a></sup>, and was also Grand Organist of the <a title="United Grand Lodge of England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Grand_Lodge_of_England">UGLE</a> in 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-224"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-224">[225]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Goswin de Stassart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goswin_de_Stassart">Goswin de Stassart</a>, Belgian statesman<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-9"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William Stukeley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stukeley">William Stukeley</a>, English archaeologist and antiquarian. Lodge at Salutation Tavern, London.<sup id="cite_ref-225"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-225">[226]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Noah H. Swayne" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah_H._Swayne">Noah H. Swayne</a>, US Associate Justice (1862-1881)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-28"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>T</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Alphonso Taft" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonso_Taft">Alphonso Taft</a>, U.S. Attorney General and Secretary of War. Kilwinning Lodge No. 356, Ohio</li>
<li><a title="William Howard Taft" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft">William Howard Taft</a>, U.S. President. Made a &#8220;Mason at sight&#8221; inside Kilwinning Lodge No. 356, Ohio, February 18, 1909 Kilwinning Lodge No. 356, Ohio<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mehmed Talat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_Talat">Mehmed Talat</a>, <a title="Grand Vizier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Vizier">Grand Vizier</a> of the <a title="Ottoman Empire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. Initiated into Macedonia Risorta Lodge, Thessaloniki,1903. First Grand Master of Ottoman Grand Orient (1909-1910)<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated16_80-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated16-80">[81]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-226"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-226">[227]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Christian Tell" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Tell">Christian Tell</a> Romanian politician, 1848 revolutionary, <a title="Mayor of Bucharest" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Bucharest">Mayor of Bucharest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-29"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Dave Thomas (American businessman)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Thomas_%28American_businessman%29">Dave Thomas</a>, Founder of Wendy&#8217;s, raised as a Master Mason in Sol. D. Bayless Lodge No. 359 Fort Wayne, Indiana. Conferred the 32nd Degree, N.M.J., on 11/16/1961, Fort Wayne, Indiana.<sup id="cite_ref-227"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-227">[228]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Strom Thurmond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strom_Thurmond">Strom Thurmond</a> US Senator from <a title="South Carolina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina">South Carolina</a> and <a title="Segregationist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregationist">segregationist</a> candidate for the United States presidency in 1948<sup id="cite_ref-228"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-228">[229]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Tipton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tipton">John Tipton</a>, American politician<sup id="cite_ref-229"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-229">[230]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Nicolae Titulescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae_Titulescu">Nicolae Titulescu</a> Romanian diplomat, government minister, President of the <a title="League of Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations">League of Nations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thomas Todd" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Todd">Thomas Todd</a>, US Associate Justice (1807-1826)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Robert Trimble" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Trimble">Robert Trimble</a>, US Associate Justice (1826-1828). Union #16 in Paris, Kentucky<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Harry S Truman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S_Truman">Harry S Truman</a>, U.S. President, Belton Lodge No. 450, Belton, Missouri. Grand Master of Missouri, 1940-1941<sup id="cite_ref-230"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-230">[231]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Mark Twain" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain">Mark Twain</a>, American author. Polar Star Lodge No. 79, A.F.&amp; A.M., St. Louis, Missouri. (Suspended for non-payment of dues and later reinstated April 24, 1867. Demitted October 1867, but recorded as having visited Carson City Lodge U.D. in February and March 1868.)<sup id="cite_ref-231"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-231">[232]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>V</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Alexandru Vaida-Voevod" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandru_Vaida-Voevod">Alexandru Vaida-Voevod</a> three-time <a title="Prime Minister of Romania" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-31"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Th%C3%A9odore_Verhaegen">Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen</a>, Founder of the Belgian Liberal Party<sup id="cite_ref-gob_12-10"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-gob-12">[13]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Swami Vivekanada" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekanada">Swami Vivekanada</a>, Hindu Spiritual Leader<sup id="cite_ref-232"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-232">[233]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Frederick M. Vinson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_M._Vinson">Frederick M. Vinson</a>, Chief Justice of the United States (1946-1953)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Traian Vuia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traian_Vuia">Traian Vuia</a> Romainan inventor and early aviation pioneer.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-32"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>W</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Elijah Wadsworth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah_Wadsworth">Elijah Wadsworth</a>, Major General of Ohio Militia War of 1812. <a title="Worshipful Master" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshipful_Master">Master</a> of the Erie Lodge (later Western Star Lodge No. 21) in Ohio, 1813.<sup id="cite_ref-233"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-233">[234]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Sir Charles Warren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Charles_Warren">Sir Charles Warren</a>, English archaeologist. Surveyor of Herod&#8217;s Temple. Royal Lodge of Friendship No. 278, Gibraltar.<sup id="cite_ref-234"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-234">[235]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Earl Warren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Warren">Earl Warren</a>, <a title="Chief Justice of the United States" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States">Chief Justice of the United States</a> (1953-1969), Grand Master of California 1935 to 1936<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-33"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="George Washington" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington">George Washington</a> General, Politician, and First President of the United States. Initiated in Fredericksburg VA, Past Master of Alexandria Lodge No. 22, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-235"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-235">[236]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Wayne" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wayne">John Wayne</a>, American actor, Marion McDaniel Lodge No. 56<sup id="cite_ref-236"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-236">[237]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Thomas Smith Webb" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Smith_Webb">Thomas Smith Webb</a>, author of <em>Freemason’s Monitor or Illustrations of Masonry</em>, sometimes called the &#8220;Founding Father of the York or American Rite&#8221; for his efforts to promote that masonic body.<sup id="cite_ref-237"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-237">[238]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Adam Weishaupt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt">Adam Weishaupt</a>, founder of the <a title="Illuminati" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminati">Illuminati</a><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_126-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated5-126">[127]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Wharton,_1st_Duke_of_Wharton">Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton</a>, English politician, atheist and member of the <a title="Hellfire club" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellfire_club">Hellfire club</a> <sup id="cite_ref-238"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-238">[239]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Oscar Wilde" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscar_Wilde">Oscar Wilde</a>, Irish playwright, novelist, and poet, Apollo University Lodge, No. 357 (UGLE)<sup id="cite_ref-239"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-239">[240]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Billy Wilder" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Wilder">Billy Wilder</a>, Austrian-American journalist, filmmaker, screenwriter and producer.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_190-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-autogenerated4-190">[191]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="James Wilson (Orangeman)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wilson_%28Orangeman%29">James Wilson (Orangeman)</a>, co-founder of the <a title="Orange Order" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Order">Orange Order</a><sup id="cite_ref-original_218-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-original-218">[219]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="John Wilkes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkes">John Wilkes</a>, English politician and journalist <sup id="cite_ref-240"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-240">[241]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William IV of the United Kingdom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom">King William IV</a>, King of Great Britain, UGLE<sup id="cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-UGLE-1-76">[77]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Jeff Winter" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Winter">Jeff Winter</a>, English football referee<sup id="cite_ref-241"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-241">[242]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Levi Woodbury" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levi_Woodbury">Levi Woodbury</a>, US Associate Justice (1845-1851)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-34"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="William B. Woods" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_B._Woods">William B. Woods</a>, US Associate Justice (1881-1887)<sup id="cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-35"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">[30]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Steve Wozniak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a> Co-founder Apple Computers, Charity Lodge No. 362, Campbell, California<sup id="cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-30"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">[34]</a></sup></li>
<li><a title="Christopher Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Wren">Christopher Wren</a>, English architect, Master of Lodge Original, No. 1, now the Lodge of Antiquity No. 2,<sup id="cite_ref-242"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-242">[243]</a></sup> <em>&#8220;adopted&#8221;</em> May 18, 1691<sup id="cite_ref-243"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-243">[244]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>X</h2>
<h2>Y</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="John Yarker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Yarker">John Yarker</a> &#8211; English occultist &#8211; 1° Lodge of Integrity No. 189 (later 163) Manchester, October 25, 1854, affiliated with Fidelity Lodge No. 623 April 27, 1855 &#8211; Expelled from the Ancient and Accepted Rite and Demitted (from <em>all</em> regular Freemasonry), 1862<sup id="cite_ref-GLofBC.26Y-Yarker_244-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-GLofBC.26Y-Yarker-244">[245]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>Z</h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Duiliu Zamfirescu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duiliu_Zamfirescu">Duiliu Zamfirescu</a> Romanian novelist, poet, short story writer, lawyer, nationalist politician, journalist, diplomat and memoirist.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoica_10-33"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_note-Stoica-10">[11]</a></sup></li>
</ul>
<h2>References</h2>
<div>
<ol>
<li id="cite_note-0"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fabadsantos.htm">&#8220;Filipino Famous Mason &#8211; Jose Abad Santos&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fabadsantos.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fabadsantos.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-1"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-1">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://mondediplo.com/1997/09/masons">&#8220;Africa&#8217;s Freemasons: A strange inheritance&#8221;</a>. <em>Le Monde diplomatique (English Edition)</em>. September 1997. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://mondediplo.com/1997/09/masons">http://mondediplo.com/1997/09/masons</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-2">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicphilatelicclub.org.uk/page7.html">&#8220;Known Freemasons&#8221;</a>. Masonic Philatelic Club. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicphilatelicclub.org.uk/page7.html">http://www.masonicphilatelicclub.org.uk/page7.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-CANADA-3">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-10"><sup><em><strong>k</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-CANADA_3-11"><sup><em><strong>l</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mastermason.com/eureka283/canadianmasons.htm">&#8220;Famous Canadian Freemasons&#8221;</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mastermason.com/eureka283/canadianmasons.htm">http://www.mastermason.com/eureka283/canadianmasons.htm</a>. Retrieved 2008-01-04.</li>
<li id="cite_note-masonicinfo-1-4">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-10"><sup><em><strong>k</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-11"><sup><em><strong>l</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-12"><sup><em><strong>m</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-13"><sup><em><strong>n</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-14"><sup><em><strong>o</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-15"><sup><em><strong>p</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-16"><sup><em><strong>q</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-17"><sup><em><strong>r</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-18"><sup><em><strong>s</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-1_4-19"><sup><em><strong>t</strong></em></sup></a> Edward L. King. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous1.htm">&#8220;Famous Masons A-L&#8221;</a>. Masonicinfo.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous1.htm">http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous1.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-5">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fnabelardo.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Nicanor Abelardo&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1934-03-21. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fnabelardo.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fnabelardo.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-6">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/faglipay.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Bishop G. Aglipay&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/faglipay.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/faglipay.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-ridmex-7">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-ridmex_7-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-ridmex_7-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> Pages 202-203 <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ISMObxdcmfsC">The Freemasons: A History of the World&#8217;s Most Powerful Secret Society</a>, by Jasper Ridley</li>
<li id="cite_note-calodges-8">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-calodges_8-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-calodges_8-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-calodges_8-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-calodges_8-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.calodges.org/no406/FAMASONS.HTM">&#8220;Famous Freemasons Masonic Presidents&#8221;</a>. Calodges.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.calodges.org/no406/FAMASONS.HTM">http://www.calodges.org/no406/FAMASONS.HTM</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-9">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/aldworth_e/aldworth_e.html">&#8220;Mrs. Elizabeth Aldworth&#8221;</a>. <em>Biography/Aldworth</em>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon A.F. &amp; A.M.. 2002-02-25. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/aldworth_e/aldworth_e.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/aldworth_e/aldworth_e.html</a>. Retrieved 2007-04-25. &#8220;upon secretly observing the first two degrees of a lodge at labour in her father&#8217;s home, she was discovered and, after discussion, initiated in the Entered Apprentice and Fellowcraft Degree. A champion of Freemasonry&#8221;</li>
<li id="cite_note-Stoica-10">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-10"><sup><em><strong>k</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-11"><sup><em><strong>l</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-12"><sup><em><strong>m</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-13"><sup><em><strong>n</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-14"><sup><em><strong>o</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-15"><sup><em><strong>p</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-16"><sup><em><strong>q</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-17"><sup><em><strong>r</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-18"><sup><em><strong>s</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-19"><sup><em><strong>t</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-20"><sup><em><strong>u</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-21"><sup><em><strong>v</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-22"><sup><em><strong>w</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-23"><sup><em><strong>x</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-24"><sup><em><strong>y</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-25"><sup><em><strong>z</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-26"><sup><em><strong>aa</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-27"><sup><em><strong>ab</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-28"><sup><em><strong>ac</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-29"><sup><em><strong>ad</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-30"><sup><em><strong>ae</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-31"><sup><em><strong>af</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-32"><sup><em><strong>ag</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Stoica_10-33"><sup><em><strong>ah</strong></em></sup></a> Stoica, Stan (coordinator). <em>Dicţionar de Istorie a României</em>, p. 153-5. Bucharest: Editura Merona, 2007.</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-11">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.875fm.com/html/AboutMasonry.html">&#8220;Facts About Masonry&#8221;</a>. 875fm.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.875fm.com/html/AboutMasonry.html">http://www.875fm.com/html/AboutMasonry.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-gob-12">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gob_12-10"><sup><em><strong>k</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mason.be/en/celeb.htm">Famous Belgian freemasons</a>, <a title="Grand Orient of Belgium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Belgium">Grand Orient of Belgium</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated9-13">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated9_13-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated9_13-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft p. 226 (J.G. Press, 1998)</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-14">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fgapacible.htm">&#8220;Filipino Famous Mason &#8211; Galicano Apacible&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1949-03-02. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fgapacible.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fgapacible.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-15">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://atlaspythagoras.com/famous.aspx">&#8220;Atlas Pythagoras Lodge website&#8221;</a>. Atlaspythagoras.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://atlaspythagoras.com/famous.aspx">http://atlaspythagoras.com/famous.aspx</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated2-16">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated2_16-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.bessel.org/gettysbg.htm">&#8220;Gettysburg&#8221;</a>. Bessel.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.bessel.org/gettysbg.htm">http://www.bessel.org/gettysbg.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-17">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nymasoniclibrary.org/events/ESMSpring07-Solomon1MinuteBook.pdf">&#8220;Masoniclibrary.com&#8221;</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nymasoniclibrary.org/events/ESMSpring07-Solomon1MinuteBook.pdf">http://www.nymasoniclibrary.org/events/ESMSpring07-Solomon1MinuteBook.pdf</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-GLBC.26Y-nine-18">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-nine_18-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-nine_18-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-nine_18-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/nine.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/nine.html</a> Grand Lodge of British Columbia &amp; Yukon&#8217;s &#8220;La Loge des Neufs Soeurs&#8221; page</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-19">^</a></strong> Rose, Gerry (November 29, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://american_almanac.tripod.com/venfreem.htm">&#8220;The Venetian Takeover of England and Its Creation of Freemasonry&#8221;</a>. <em>The American Almanac</em>. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://american_almanac.tripod.com/venfreem.htm">http://american_almanac.tripod.com/venfreem.htm</a>. [Conference Address by Gerald Rose, Schiller Institute Conference, September, 1993 Lay summary] – <em>The New Federalist</em> (September 5, 1993).</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-20">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated6_20-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated6_20-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated6_20-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> Bicentenial Commemorative Volume of Holland Lodge No. 8, Published by the Lodge, New York, 1988</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-21">^</a></strong> Hamill, John and , Gilbert, R. A., <em>Freemasonry: A Celebration of the Craft‎</em>, Page 226. Paul &amp; Company, 1992, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0951635522">ISBN 0951635522</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-22"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-22">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.palestinelodge189.com/2009/05/freemasonry-in-turkey-ataturk-turkeys-george-washington.html">&#8220;Freemasonry in Turkey &#8211; Address given to Palestine Lodge 189 by Kaya Pasakay, Former Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Turkey&#8221;</a>. Palestinelodge189.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.palestinelodge189.com/2009/05/freemasonry-in-turkey-ataturk-turkeys-george-washington.html">http://www.palestinelodge189.com/2009/05/freemasonry-in-turkey-ataturk-turkeys-george-washington.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-23">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://abbey.lodge.org.uk/famous-masons.htm">&#8220;List of famous Masons compiled by Abbey Lodge, Abingdon, UK&#8221;</a>. Abbey.lodge.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://abbey.lodge.org.uk/famous-masons.htm">http://abbey.lodge.org.uk/famous-masons.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-24">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.candundar.com.tr/index.php?Did=5583">&#8220;Can Dundar webpage&#8221;</a>. Candundar.com.tr. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.candundar.com.tr/index.php?Did=5583">http://www.candundar.com.tr/index.php?Did=5583</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-AASR-hall-25">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-10"><sup><em><strong>k</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-11"><sup><em><strong>l</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-12"><sup><em><strong>m</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-13"><sup><em><strong>n</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-hall_25-14"><sup><em><strong>o</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/temple-files/hall-of-honor/hallofhonor.html">&#8220;AASR hall of fame&#8221;</a>. Srmason-sj.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/temple-files/hall-of-honor/hallofhonor.html">http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/temple-files/hall-of-honor/hallofhonor.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-26"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-26">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bach_jc/bach_jc.html">&#8220;Johann Christian Bach&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2001-03-19. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bach_jc/bach_jc.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bach_jc/bach_jc.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-27">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonrytoday.com/public/about-us.php">About us</a> page from <em>Freemasonry Today</em></li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-28">^</a></strong> <em>Bakunin and the Italians</em>, T. R.Ravindranathan,, McGill-Queen&#8217;s University Press, 1988</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bessel-sc-29">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-10"><sup><em><strong>k</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-11"><sup><em><strong>l</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-12"><sup><em><strong>m</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-13"><sup><em><strong>n</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-14"><sup><em><strong>o</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-15"><sup><em><strong>p</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-16"><sup><em><strong>q</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-17"><sup><em><strong>r</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-18"><sup><em><strong>s</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-19"><sup><em><strong>t</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-20"><sup><em><strong>u</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-21"><sup><em><strong>v</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-22"><sup><em><strong>w</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-23"><sup><em><strong>x</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-24"><sup><em><strong>y</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-25"><sup><em><strong>z</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-26"><sup><em><strong>aa</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-27"><sup><em><strong>ab</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-28"><sup><em><strong>ac</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-29"><sup><em><strong>ad</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-30"><sup><em><strong>ae</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-31"><sup><em><strong>af</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-32"><sup><em><strong>ag</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-33"><sup><em><strong>ah</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-34"><sup><em><strong>ai</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Bessel-sc_29-35"><sup><em><strong>aj</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://bessel.org/sctfmy.htm">http://bessel.org/sctfmy.htm</a> Paul M. Bessel&#8217;s Supreme Court page</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-30">^</a></strong> Neamţu, Gelu. A fost sau nu Simion Bărnuţiu un francmason (Simion Bărnuţiu franc-maçon). In: Inorogul. Caiete masonice. Bucureşti, 2001, p.121-146.</li>
<li id="cite_note-31"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-31">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gle.org/ingles/i_historia.php#III">1863-1923</a><sup>[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Linkrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkrot">dead link</a></em>]</sup>, Brief History of the Spanish Masonry</li>
<li id="cite_note-32"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-32">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bartholdi_f/bartholdi_f.html">&#8220;Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 1904-10-04. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bartholdi_f/bartholdi_f.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bartholdi_f/bartholdi_f.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-GLBC.26Y-33">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-10"><sup><em><strong>k</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-11"><sup><em><strong>l</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-12"><sup><em><strong>m</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-13"><sup><em><strong>n</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-14"><sup><em><strong>o</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-15"><sup><em><strong>p</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-16"><sup><em><strong>q</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-17"><sup><em><strong>r</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-18"><sup><em><strong>s</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-19"><sup><em><strong>t</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-20"><sup><em><strong>u</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-21"><sup><em><strong>v</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-22"><sup><em><strong>w</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-23"><sup><em><strong>x</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-24"><sup><em><strong>y</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-25"><sup><em><strong>z</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-26"><sup><em><strong>aa</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-27"><sup><em><strong>ab</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-28"><sup><em><strong>ac</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-29"><sup><em><strong>ad</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y_33-30"><sup><em><strong>ae</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html</a> Grand Lodge of British Columbia &amp; Yukon&#8217;s &#8220;A few famous freemasons&#8221; page</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-34">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071030170815/http://www.exsequi.org.za/famouse-freemasons.asp">&#8220;Exsequi Lodge History: Famous Freemasons&#8221;</a>. Web.archive.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.exsequi.org.za/famouse-freemasons.asp">the original</a> on 2007-10-30. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071030170815/http://www.exsequi.org.za/famouse-freemasons.asp">http://web.archive.org/web/20071030170815/http://www.exsequi.org.za/famouse-freemasons.asp</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-35">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/berlin_i/berlin_i.html">&#8220;Irving Berlin&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/berlin_i/berlin_i.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/berlin_i/berlin_i.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-36">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1298864.stm">Berlusconi: The power of personality</a>, BBC, 14 May, 2001</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-37">^</a></strong> Dávila del Valle. Oscar G., <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071011055647/http://triplov.com/carbonaria/antilhas/valle_01.htm">Presencia del ideario masónico en el proyecto revolucionario antillano de Ramón Emeterio Betances</a>, available at the Grande Loja Carbonária do Brasil&#8217;s website, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.triplov.com/carbonaria/">[1]</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-38">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130221b.htm">&#8220;Bischof, Francis Erich (Frank) (1904 &#8211; 1979),</a> <a title="Australian Dictionary of Biography" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Dictionary_of_Biography">Australian Dictionary of Biography</a>&#8220;. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130221b.htm">http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130221b.htm</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-GLBC.26Y-bolivar-39"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLBC.26Y-bolivar_39-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bolivar_s/bolivar_s.html">&#8220;Simon Bolivar&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2002-01-28. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bolivar_s/bolivar_s.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/bolivar_s/bolivar_s.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-40">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ilmason.org/history.html">&#8220;&#8221;The History of Illinois Freemasonry&#8221;. Accessed September 25, 2007&#8243;</a>. Ilmason.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ilmason.org/history.html">http://www.ilmason.org/history.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-41">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.abl199.org/">&#8220;Andres Bonifacio Lodge No. 199&#8243;</a>. Abl199.org. 1973-10-26. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.abl199.org/">http://www.abl199.org/</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-lemonde-42">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-lemonde_42-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-lemonde_42-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-lemonde_42-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-lemonde_42-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> Wauthier, Claude. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://mondediplo.com/1997/09/masons">Africa&#8217;s Freemasons &#8211; A strange inheritance</a>, <em>Le Monde Diplomatique</em>, September 1997. Retrieved 15 August 2008.</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-43">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/prime_ministers/borden_r/borden_r.html">&#8220;Borden at GL of BC&#8221;</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/prime_ministers/borden_r/borden_r.html">http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/prime_ministers/borden_r/borden_r.html</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated7-44">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated7_44-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated7_44-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft p. 227 (J.G. Press, 1998)</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated18-45"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated18_45-0">^</a></strong> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft p. 228 (J.G. Press, 1998)</li>
<li id="cite_note-46"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-46">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gwmemorial.org/texas.php">&#8220;Welcome to the George Washington National Masonic Memorial&#8221;</a>. Gwmemorial.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gwmemorial.org/texas.php">http://www.gwmemorial.org/texas.php</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-47"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-47">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071203003009/http://freemasonry.dept.shef.ac.uk/pdf/bradlaugh.pdf">The Cause of Humanity’: Charles Bradlaugh and Freemasonry</a> (PDF), The Centre for Research into Freemasonry, Sheffield University</li>
<li id="cite_note-48"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-48">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonsvic.net.au/OurHistory/FamousAustralianFreemasons/tabid/276/Default.aspx">&#8220;Famous Australian Freemasons&#8221;</a>. Freemasonsvic.net.au. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonsvic.net.au/OurHistory/FamousAustralianFreemasons/tabid/276/Default.aspx">http://www.freemasonsvic.net.au/OurHistory/FamousAustralianFreemasons/tabid/276/Default.aspx</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-49"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-49">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://databases.tanap.net/ead/html/CapeTown_5.4.6/pdf/CapeTown_5.4.6.pdf">Inventory of the Archives of the Secretary, Lodge De Goede Hoop, Cape Town, 1772-1963 (inventory 5/4/6)</a> in the <a rel="nofollow" href="http://databases.tanap.net/">TANAP Collection</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-50"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-50">^</a></strong> &#8220;In the Index of the Regius Manuscript: Section VII, Anglo-Saxon Masonry and the Constitution&#8221;]</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated19-51"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated19_51-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/temple-files/hall-of-honor/hallofhonor.html">http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/temple-files/hall-of-honor/hallofhonor.html</a> AASR-SJ&#8217;s &#8220;Hall of Honor&#8221; page</li>
<li id="cite_note-52"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-52">^</a></strong> *Reid, Robie L. <em>Historical Notes and Biographical Sketches 1848 &#8211; 1935</em> &#8220;<a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/grand_masters/burnaby_r/burnaby_r.html">Bio of Robert Burnaby</a>&#8221; at Grand Lodge BC &amp; Yukon website</li>
<li id="cite_note-53"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-53">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonmusic.org/burns.html">&#8220;Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne&#8221;</a>. Masonmusic.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonmusic.org/burns.html">http://www.masonmusic.org/burns.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-54"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-54">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/cagliostro_a/cagliostro_a.html">&#8220;http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/cagliostro_a/cagliostro_a.html&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2001-05-13. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/cagliostro_a/cagliostro_a.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/cagliostro_a/cagliostro_a.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-55"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-55">^</a></strong> Denslow, William R. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=dmPato81X9sC&amp;pg=PA171&amp;dq=plutarco+calles+freemason&amp;sig=NsSB9-6KQUn50HmpBT8eh9nx3No">10,000 Famous Freemasons</a> p. 171 (2004 Kessinger Publishing)<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1417975784">ISBN 1417975784</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-56"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-56">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmcamus.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Manuel Camus&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1949-12-22. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmcamus.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmcamus.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-57"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-57">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.britannica.com/hispanic_heritage/article-9020492">Carrera, José Miguel</a>, Encyclopedia Britannica, Guide to Hispanic Heritage</li>
<li id="cite_note-Poinsett_-_A_revolutionary_diplomat-58">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Poinsett_-_A_revolutionary_diplomat_58-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-Poinsett_-_A_revolutionary_diplomat_58-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/zeldis16.html">&#8220;Poinsett &#8211; A revolutionary diplomat&#8221;</a>. Freemasons-freemasonry.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/zeldis16.html">http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/zeldis16.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-59"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-59">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/case_p/case_p.html">&#8220;Paul Foster Case&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/case_p/case_p.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/case_p/case_p.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated13-60">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated13_60-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft p. 229 (J.G. Press, 1998)</li>
<li id="cite_note-61"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-61">^</a></strong> Plummer, Charles W.. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicworld.com/education/files/may05/general_and_brother_joshua_l.htm">&#8220;General and Brother Joshua L. Chamberlain&#8221;</a>. MasonicWorld.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicworld.com/education/files/may05/general_and_brother_joshua_l.htm">http://www.masonicworld.com/education/files/may05/general_and_brother_joshua_l.htm</a>. Retrieved 2007-07-16.</li>
<li id="cite_note-62"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-62">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.churchill-society-london.org.uk/lttrs.fmasons.hall.html">&#8220;Letters&#8221;</a>. The Churchill Society. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.churchill-society-london.org.uk/lttrs.fmasons.hall.html">http://www.churchill-society-london.org.uk/lttrs.fmasons.hall.html</a>. Retrieved 2007-07-16.</li>
<li id="cite_note-pagrandlodge1-63">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-pagrandlodge1_63-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-pagrandlodge1_63-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/freemason/0503/tot.html">&#8220;Pa Freemason May 03 &#8211; Treasures of the Temple&#8221;</a>. Pagrandlodge.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/freemason/0503/tot.html">http://www.pagrandlodge.org/freemason/0503/tot.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-64"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-64">^</a></strong> Bicentennial Commemorative Volume of Holland Lodge No. 8, Published by the Lodge, New York, 1988</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated8-65">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated8_65-9"><sup><em><strong>j</strong></em></sup></a> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft p. 230 (J.G. Press, 1998)</li>
<li id="cite_note-66"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-66">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/fiction/williams.html">Masonic references in the works of Charles Williams</a> Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon 2007</li>
<li id="cite_note-67"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-67">^</a></strong> Burke, Peter <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=6voJOw4V0KoC&amp;pg=PA304&amp;dq=emile+combes+freemason&amp;sig=ggcTqPG053LmGfTn9JRpzBLaRPU">The New Cambridge Modern History</a> p. 304 (1979 Cambridge University)</li>
<li id="cite_note-68"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-68">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/history/0,,1587972,00.html">&#8220;Bigots united&#8221;</a>. Books.guardian.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/history/0,,1587972,00.html">http://books.guardian.co.uk/reviews/history/0,,1587972,00.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-69"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-69">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodge-england.org/ugle/whos-who.htm">UGLE</a> Accessed 13 Jun 07</li>
<li id="cite_note-70"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-70">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://seastwood.com/Eastwood/freemasonmovie.asp">&#8220;Freemason Film Celebrities&#8221;</a>. Seastwood.com. 1923-08-21. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://seastwood.com/Eastwood/freemasonmovie.asp">http://seastwood.com/Eastwood/freemasonmovie.asp</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-71"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-71">^</a></strong> Rob Tillett, Digital Online Technology Pty Ltd (2005-04-07). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonrysaust.org.au/freemason.html">&#8220;South Australian Freemasonry page&#8221;</a>. Freemasonrysaust.org.au. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonrysaust.org.au/freemason.html">http://freemasonrysaust.org.au/freemason.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-72"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-72">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/crispi_f/crispi_f.html">&#8220;Francesco Crispi&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/crispi_f/crispi_f.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/crispi_f/crispi_f.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-73"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-73">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9406EED91531E033A25753C1A9669D94659ED7CF">Crispi to be Expelled by Freemasons</a>, New York Times, October 10, 1894, Page 2</li>
<li id="cite_note-74"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-74">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/aqc/crowley.html">Aleister Crowley: freemason!</a>, Martin Starr, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/">Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated17-75"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated17_75-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/blksheep.htm">&#8220;Our &#8220;Black Sheep&#8221;"</a>. Masonicinfo.com. 2006-11-17. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/blksheep.htm">http://www.masonicinfo.com/blksheep.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-UGLE-1-76">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-UGLE-1_76-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070510084204/http://www.ugle.org.uk/masonry/famous-masons.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20070510084204/http://www.ugle.org.uk/masonry/famous-masons.htm</a> UGLE&#8217;s &#8220;Famous&#8221; page</li>
<li id="cite_note-77"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-77">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gahistmarkers/williamdawsonhistmarker.htm">&#8220;Historical Marker placed by Grand Lodge of Georgia&#8221;</a>. Cviog.uga.edu. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gahistmarkers/williamdawsonhistmarker.htm">http://www.cviog.uga.edu/Projects/gainfo/gahistmarkers/williamdawsonhistmarker.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-78"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-78">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmhdelpilar.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Marcelo H Del Pilar&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmhdelpilar.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmhdelpilar.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-79"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-79">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fidelosreyes.htm">&#8220;Famous Mason &#8211; Isabelo delos Reyes&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1938-10-12. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fidelosreyes.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fidelosreyes.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated16-80">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated16_80-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated16_80-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/layiktez.html">&#8220;The Hystory Of Freemasonry In Turkey&#8221;</a>. Freemasons-freemasonry.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/layiktez.html">http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/layiktez.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-81"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-81">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.calodges.org/no406/FRANC-OR.HTM">&#8220;ADDRESS TO THE 2002 CALIFORNIA MASONIC SYMPOSIUM&#8221;</a>. Calodges.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.calodges.org/no406/FRANC-OR.HTM">http://www.calodges.org/no406/FRANC-OR.HTM</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-82"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-82">^</a></strong> <a title="Time Magazine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Magazine">Time Magazine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,762444,00.html?iid=chix-sphere">Letters</a>, Monday, Aug. 21, 1939</li>
<li id="cite_note-83"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-83">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070617222113/http://www.au-senegal.com/decouvrir/blaisediagne.htm">&#8220;Blaise Diagne, député&#8221;</a>. Web.archive.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.au-senegal.com/decouvrir/blaisediagne.htm">the original</a> on 2007-06-17. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070617222113/http://www.au-senegal.com/decouvrir/blaisediagne.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20070617222113/http://www.au-senegal.com/decouvrir/blaisediagne.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-84"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-84">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.yorkrite.com/gcmx/os1999.html">MEXICAN MASONRY- POLITICS &amp; RELIGION</a> Oscar J. Salinas</li>
<li id="cite_note-85"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-85">^</a></strong> Referenced at the US National Masonic Memorial, Alexandira, Virginia.</li>
<li id="cite_note-86"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-86">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonrytoday.com/08/p09.php">Freemasonry Today</a> Issue 8, Spring 1999</li>
<li id="cite_note-GLVTDouglas-87"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLVTDouglas_87-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070622023442/http://www.vtfreemasons.org/inaction/douglas.htm">&#8220;James H. Douglas, Governor of Vermont&#8221;</a>. <em>Vermont Masonry in Action</em>. Grand Lodge of Vermont. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.vtfreemasons.org/inaction/douglas.htm">the original</a> on 2007-06-22. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070622023442/http://www.vtfreemasons.org/inaction/douglas.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20070622023442/http://www.vtfreemasons.org/inaction/douglas.htm</a>. Retrieved 2007-07-16.</li>
<li id="cite_note-88"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-88">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html">[2]</a> Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated12-89">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-3"><sup><em><strong>d</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-4"><sup><em><strong>e</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-5"><sup><em><strong>f</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-6"><sup><em><strong>g</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-7"><sup><em><strong>h</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated12_89-8"><sup><em><strong>i</strong></em></sup></a> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft p. 231 (J.G. Press, 1998)</li>
<li id="cite_note-90"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-90">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/prescott08.html">Freemasonry and the Labour Party in London: Some Approaches</a>, Andrew Prescott, 2002</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated15-91">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated15_91-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated15_91-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html">&#8220;A few famous freemasons&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/textfiles/famous.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated10-92">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated10_92-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated10_92-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> Entry Giuseppe Mazzini in <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/10,000_famous_freemasons/Volume_3_K_to_P.htm">Volume III K &#8211; P</a>, 10,000 FAMOUS FREEMASONS, By WILLIAM R. DENSLOW], 1957, Macoy Publishing &amp; Masonic Supply Co., Inc.</li>
<li id="cite_note-93"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-93">^</a></strong> <em>The Memoirs of Charles G. Finney, The Complete Restored Text</em>, Garth Rosell and Richard Dupuis, eds, Zondervan Publishing House, Grand Rapids, MI (1989). Page 629.</li>
<li id="cite_note-94"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-94">^</a></strong> Lawrence Kestenbaum. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/masons.E-F.html">&#8220;Freemasons, politicians, New York, E-F&#8221;</a>. The Political Graveyard. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/masons.E-F.html">http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/NY/masons.E-F.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-SRSJFleming-95"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-SRSJFleming_95-0">^</a></strong> Morris, Robert (Summer 2000). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/mar02/morris.htm">&#8220;Alexander Fleming, Mason And Discoverer of Penicillin&#8221;</a>. <em>The Scottish Rite Journal</em>. Scottish Rite S.J. USA. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/mar02/morris.htm">http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/mar02/morris.htm</a>. Retrieved 2007-07-16.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-96">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated3_96-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated3_96-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated3_96-2"><sup><em><strong>c</strong></em></sup></a> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft p. 232 (J.G. Press, 1998)</li>
<li id="cite_note-97"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-97">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071117165506/http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/8527/hist.html">The History of Masonry in Brazil</a> – Bibliography: Menezes, Manuel Joaquim de, Exposição Histórica da Maçonaria no Brasil (1857); Mello, Mário Carneiro do Rego, A Maçonaria e a Revolução Republicana de 1817 (1912); Amaral, Braz do, A Conspiração Republicana da Bahia de 1798 (1926); Barros, F. Borges de, Primórdios das Sociedades Secretas na Bahia (1928); Kloppenburg, Boaventura, A Maçonaria no Brasil (Orientação para os Católicos) (1961)</li>
<li id="cite_note-98"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-98">^</a></strong> Christopher Hodapp, <em>Freemasons for Dummies</em> (2005, pg. 290).</li>
<li id="cite_note-99"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-99">^</a></strong> Denslow, <em>10,000 Famous Freemasons</em>, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/10,000_famous_freemasons/Volume_2_E_to_J.htm">Volume 2</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-100"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-100">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fam144.com/history.htm">&#8220;History of Midland Lodge&#8221;</a>. Fam144.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fam144.com/history.htm">http://www.fam144.com/history.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-FI-101"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-FI_101-0">^</a></strong> &#8220;In Mozart&#8217;s Vienna, Freemasonry had flourished under the Habsburgs mainly due to the influence of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, who, himself, was a Freemason.&#8221; <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.njfreemason.net/Wolfgang%20Amedeus%20Mozart.htm">Wolfgang Amedeus Mozart &#8211; Master Mason</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-102"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-102">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/">&#8220;The Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania&#8221;</a>. Pagrandlodge.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/">http://www.pagrandlodge.org/</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-103"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-103">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodge-nc.org/nc-mason/archives/2001/NCM_126_1.pdf"><em>The North Carolina Mason: Official Publication of the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of North Carolina</em></a>. <strong>126</strong>. Oxford, North Carolina: Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of North Carolina. January/February 2001. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodge-nc.org/nc-mason/archives/2001/NCM_126_1.pdf">http://www.grandlodge-nc.org/nc-mason/archives/2001/NCM_126_1.pdf</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-104"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-104">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/garibaldi_g/garibaldi.html">Garibaldi — the mason</a> Translated from Giuseppe Garibaldi Massone by the <a title="Grand Orient of Italy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Orient_of_Italy">Grand Orient of Italy</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-105"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-105">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/index.html">&#8220;Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania&#8217;s presidents pages&#8221;</a>. Pagrandlodge.org. 1937-10-30. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/index.html">http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/index.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-106"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-106">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/anti-masonry01.html#p2">5. What was the P2 Lodge?</a>, Anti-masonry Frequently Asked Questions, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/">Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-gilandsul-107">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gilandsul_107-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-gilandsul_107-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> Beresiner, Yasha. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-8/p-06.php">&#8220;Musical Masons&#8221;</a>. MQ Magazine, Issue 8 (January 2004). Retrieved 18 July 2007.</li>
<li id="cite_note-108"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-108">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM">&#8220;A Few Famous Freemasons&#8221;</a>. Srjarchives.tripod.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM">http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-109"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-109">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/goethe_j/goethe_j.html">&#8220;Johann Wolfgang von Goethe&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2001-03-19. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/goethe_j/goethe_j.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/goethe_j/goethe_j.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-110"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-110">^</a></strong> Sources disagree as to whether he was <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dragonkeypress.com/articles/article_2004_10_25_5337.html">[3]</a> or wasn&#8217;t: <a rel="nofollow" href="http://listserv.tcu.edu/cgi-bin/wa.exe?A2=ind0010&amp;L=scouts-l&amp;P=94161">[4]</a> a member</li>
<li id="cite_note-111"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-111">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/masonicmuseum/americas_astronauts_fdcs.htm">&#8220;Americas Astronauts FDCs&#8221;</a>. Phoenixmasonry.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/masonicmuseum/americas_astronauts_fdcs.htm">http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/masonicmuseum/americas_astronauts_fdcs.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-112"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-112">^</a></strong> Denslow, William R. (1958). <em>10,000 Famous Freemasons, vol. ii</em>. [Trenton, Missouri. : Missouri Lodge of Research / Educational Bureau, Royal Arch Mason Magazine]. p. 165.</li>
<li id="cite_note-113"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-113">^</a></strong> Cox, Joseph (2002). <em>Great Black Men of Masonry</em>. <a title="IUniverse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUniverse">iUniverse</a>. p. 176. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0595227295">ISBN 0595227295</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-114"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-114">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/Movies/2004/12/Just-What-Are-The-Facts-About-National-Treasure.aspx?p=2">&#8220;What Are the Facts About National Treasure? &#8211; Beliefnet.com&#8221;</a>. Beliefnet.com&lt;!. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/Movies/2004/12/Just-What-Are-The-Facts-About-National-Treasure.aspx?p=2">http://www.beliefnet.com/Entertainment/Movies/2004/12/Just-What-Are-The-Facts-About-National-Treasure.aspx?p=2</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-115"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-115">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/anti-masonry/anti-masonry05.html#usa">List of signers of the Declaration of Independence who were Masons</a> on the Grand Lodge of BC&amp;Y website</li>
<li id="cite_note-116"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-116">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://mill-valley.freemasonry.biz/masonic-magicians.htm">&#8220;Masonic Magicians&#8221;</a>. Mill-valley.freemasonry.biz. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://mill-valley.freemasonry.biz/masonic-magicians.htm">http://mill-valley.freemasonry.biz/masonic-magicians.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-117"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-117">^</a></strong> <strong>Freemasonry in Bristol</strong>, Powell &amp; Littlejohn, privately published.</li>
<li id="cite_note-118"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-118">^</a></strong> See also the <strong>Freemasons&#8217; Review</strong>, June 1844 edition &#8211; Howley&#8217;s masonry was a well known contemporary fact.</li>
<li id="cite_note-119"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-119">^</a></strong> See also the <strong>Freemasons&#8217; Quarterly Review</strong>, first quarter, 1835 &#8211; a survey of the Archbishop&#8217;s masonic career.</li>
<li id="cite_note-120"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-120">^</a></strong> [<a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.province.org.uk/Temp/feat_ejhutchins.htm">http://www.province.org.uk/Temp/feat_ejhutchins.htm</a> Masonic Province of South Wales: Eastern Division website "Worthy Mason of yesteryear: Edward John Hutchins Provincial Grand Master of South Wales (1848-56)" by Peter M Davies</li>
<li id="cite_note-ugle-121"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-ugle_121-0">^</a></strong> <em><a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070510084204/http://www.ugle.org.uk/masonry/famous-masons.htm">Famous British Freemasons</a></em>, United Grand Lodge of England</li>
<li id="cite_note-122"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-122">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/famous.html">"sources "The Phylaxis Society Public Affairs Office and Masonic Information Center""</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2003-05-16. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/famous.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/famous.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-123"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-123">^</a></strong> McElligot, Willam; R Theron Dunn, GL of CA. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.lodgeroominternational.com/library/download/01January071.pdf">"A Few Good Men"</a> (PDF). <em>Lodge Room International Magazine</em> <strong>2</strong> (1): 7. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.lodgeroominternational.com/library/download/01January071.pdf">http://www.lodgeroominternational.com/library/download/01January071.pdf</a>.</li>
<li id="cite_note-124"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-124">^</a></strong> R.W.Bro. Vic Lewis. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodgens.org/glns/meml/keith.php">"Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia A.F. &amp; A.M"</a>. Grandlodgens.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodgens.org/glns/meml/keith.php">http://www.grandlodgens.org/glns/meml/keith.php</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-125"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-125">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/kipling_r/kipling_r.html">"Rudyard Kipling"</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/kipling_r/kipling_r.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/kipling_r/kipling_r.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-126">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated5_126-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated5_126-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/illuminati.html">"A Bavarian Illuminati primer"</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/illuminati.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/texts/illuminati.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-MEKR_in_SRJ-127"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-MEKR_in_SRJ_127-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.scottishrite.org/ee.php?/journal/pastarticles/grateful_stunned_inspired/">[5]</a> Mark E. Koltko-Rivera, 32° (2007, July-August) “Grateful, stunned, inspired,” <em>The Scottish Rite Journal,</em> vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 18-19 (link is to on-line edition); his Blue Lodge status is mentioned in the author note.</li>
<li id="cite_note-128"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-128">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=D-cCeOEXGyoC&amp;pg=PA50&amp;lpg=PA50&amp;dq=Columbia+National+Bank+Frank+Land&amp;source=web&amp;ots=thrj_5NGaV&amp;sig=pFMableur7vPGFQTf35w4qKVzZ8&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=9&amp;ct=result">[6]</a>Frank S. Land entry in <em>10,000 Famous Freemasons</em></li>
<li id="cite_note-129"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-129">^</a></strong> Cooper, A. A. 1986. <em>The Freemasons of South Africa</em>. p178. Cape Town: Human &amp; Rousseau</li>
<li id="cite_note-130"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-130">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodge.co.za/170799.html">Grand Lodge of South Africa</a><sup>[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Linkrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkrot">dead link</a></em>]</sup></li>
<li id="cite_note-131"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-131">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fjlaurel.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Jose Laurel&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fjlaurel.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fjlaurel.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-132"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-132">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=D-cCeOEXGyoC&amp;pg=PA66&amp;lpg=PA66&amp;dq=%22scott+leavitt%22+elk+rapids&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=thvfYcOCjS&amp;sig=Py4bGeUI_6EGcXoVCDSDCQ9a9Yg&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=ptEzS6K7IZDssQOFpbSIBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=10&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=%22scott%20leavitt%22%20elk%20rapids&amp;f=false">&#8220;10,000 Famous Freemasons from K to Z, William R. Denslow, Harry S. Truman, Kessinger Publishing&#8217;s Rare Reprints, 2004 ISBN 9781417975792&#8243;</a>. Books.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=D-cCeOEXGyoC&amp;pg=PA66&amp;lpg=PA66&amp;dq=%22scott+leavitt%22+elk+rapids&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=thvfYcOCjS&amp;sig=Py4bGeUI_6EGcXoVCDSDCQ9a9Yg&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=ptEzS6K7IZDssQOFpbSIBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=10&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=%22scott%20leavitt%22%20elk%20rapids&amp;f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=D-cCeOEXGyoC&amp;pg=PA66&amp;lpg=PA66&amp;dq=%22scott+leavitt%22+elk+rapids&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=thvfYcOCjS&amp;sig=Py4bGeUI_6EGcXoVCDSDCQ9a9Yg&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=ptEzS6K7IZDssQOFpbSIBA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=10&amp;ved=0CCwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&amp;q=%22scott%20leavitt%22%20elk%20rapids&amp;f=false</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-133"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-133">^</a></strong> Lawrence Kestenbaum. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/RI/masons.html">&#8220;Freemasons in Rhode Island&#8221;</a>. The Political Graveyard. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/RI/masons.html">http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/RI/masons.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-134"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-134">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/delisle_r/delisle_r.html">Rouget de Lisle</a>, Grand Lodge of British Columbia</li>
<li id="cite_note-135"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-135">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/oct02/field.htm">&#8220;Scottish Rite Journal&#8221;</a>. Srmason-sj.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/oct02/field.htm">http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/oct02/field.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-136"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-136">^</a></strong> &#8220;ORLEANS, DUKE OF&#8221;, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.phoenixmasonry.org/mackeys_encyclopedia/o.htm">Letter O</a>, ENCYCLOPEDIA OF FREEMASONRY AND ITS KINDRED SCIENCES, by ALBERT C. MACKEY M. D.</li>
<li id="cite_note-137"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-137">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/council/journal/aug99/Tribe.html">&#8220;Ill. Trent Lott, 33°, Grand Cross&#8221;</a>. Srmason-sj.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/council/journal/aug99/Tribe.html">http://www.srmason-sj.org/council/journal/aug99/Tribe.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-138"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-138">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://haroldlloyd.com/news/bio.asp">&#8220;Harold LLoyd&#8221;</a> &#8220;In 1949, Harold’s face graced the cover of TIME Magazine as the Imperial Potentate of the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, their highest-ranking position. He devoted an entire year to visiting 130 temples across the country giving speeches for over 700,000 Shriners. The last twenty years of his life he worked tirelessly for the twenty-two Shriner Hospitals for Children and in the 1960’s, he was named President and Chairman of the Board.</li>
<li id="cite_note-139"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-139">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/flopez.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Graciano Lopez Jaena&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/flopez.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/flopez.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-140"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-140">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fjluna.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Masons &#8211; Juan Luna&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fjluna.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fjluna.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-141"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-141">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmabini.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Masons &#8211; Apolinario Mabini&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1903-05-13. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmabini.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmabini.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-142"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-142">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.macoy.com/about.html">history of Macoy Masonic Publishing house</a><sup>[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Linkrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkrot">dead link</a></em>]</sup></li>
<li id="cite_note-143"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-143">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html">&#8220;mastermason.com&#8221;</a>. mastermason.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html">http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-144"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-144">^</a></strong> Mabberley, D. J. (1985) William Theobald (1829-1908): Unwitting Reformer of Botanical Nomenclature? Taxon 34(1):152-156.</li>
<li id="cite_note-145"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-145">^</a></strong> 10,000 Famous Freemasons from K to Z Part Two By William R. Denslow, Contributor Harry S. Truman (available via google book search)</li>
<li id="cite_note-146"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-146">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dcgrandlodge.org/wp-content/pdf/Voice2007-2.pdf">Voice of Freemasonry, Volume 24, Number 2, 2007, Pg 9</a><sup>[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Linkrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkrot">dead link</a></em>]</sup> DC Lodge newsletter</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-147">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated1_147-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated1_147-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070415084345/http://www.irish-freemasons.org/gl_history.htm">&#8220;History&#8221;</a>. Web.archive.org. 2007-04-15. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070415084345/http://www.irish-freemasons.org/gl_history.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20070415084345/http://www.irish-freemasons.org/gl_history.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-148"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-148">^</a></strong> Ullrich, Dieter C. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.utm.edu/departments/acadpro/library/departments/special_collections/wc_hist/nrmcwhrt.htm">&#8220;Ned Ray McWherter (1930- ).&#8221; Special Collections and Archive. Paul Meek Library. University of Tennessee at Martin. 3 Apr. 2000.</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-149"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-149">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.portugal-info.net/people/politicians.htm">&#8220;Portugal People&#8221;</a>. Portugal-info.net. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.portugal-info.net/people/politicians.htm">http://www.portugal-info.net/people/politicians.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-150"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-150">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gle.org/ingles/i_historia.php#n3">Note 3</a><sup>[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Linkrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkrot">dead link</a></em>]</sup>, Brief History of the Spanish Masonry, Grand Lodge of Spain]</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated14-151">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated14_151-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated14_151-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.uglnsw.freemasonry.org.au/">&#8220;Freemasons NSW &amp; ACT&#8221;</a>. Uglnsw.freemasonry.org.au. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.uglnsw.freemasonry.org.au/">http://www.uglnsw.freemasonry.org.au/</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-152"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-152">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fuenterrebollo.com/Masoneria/mendizabal.html">Biography of Mendizábal</a> (in Spanish)</li>
<li id="cite_note-153"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-153">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.princehall-pa.org/GrandLodge/glhist.htm">&#8220;Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania&#8221;</a>. Princehall-pa.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.princehall-pa.org/GrandLodge/glhist.htm">http://www.princehall-pa.org/GrandLodge/glhist.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-154"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-154">^</a></strong> Foreman, Grant. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v027/v027p236.pdf">Jesse Bartley Milam.</a> <em>Chronicles of Oklahoma.</em> . Retrieved 23 June 2009.</li>
<li id="cite_note-155"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-155">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/famous.html">&#8220;Famous Prince Hall Freemasons, Grand Lodge BC&amp;Y website&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2003-05-16. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/famous.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/prince_hall/famous.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-156"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-156">^</a></strong> George Day Cedar Lodge. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.durham.net/%7Ecedar/famous.html">&#8220;Famous Freemasons from around the world&#8221;</a>. Durham.net. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.durham.net/%7Ecedar/famous.html">http://www.durham.net/~cedar/famous.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-MQ_magazine_on-line-157">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-MQ_magazine_on-line_157-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-MQ_magazine_on-line_157-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-11/p-20.php">&#8220;MQ magazine on-line&#8221;</a>. Mqmagazine.co.uk. 1903-05-01. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-11/p-20.php">http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-11/p-20.php</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-158"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-158">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/monroe.html">&#8220;Masonic US Presidents&#8221;</a>. Pagrandlodge.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/monroe.html">http://www.pagrandlodge.org/mlam/presidents/monroe.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-159"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-159">^</a></strong> Freemasonry Today. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonrytoday.com/46/p11.php">&#8220;Freemasonry Today on-line&#8221;</a>. Freemasonrytoday.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonrytoday.com/46/p11.php">http://freemasonrytoday.com/46/p11.php</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-freemasonry.bcy.ca-160">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-freemasonry.bcy.ca_160-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-freemasonry.bcy.ca_160-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/montgolfier_j/montgolfier_j.html">&#8220;Jacques and Joseph Montgolfier&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2002-01-28. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/montgolfier_j/montgolfier_j.html">http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/montgolfier_j/montgolfier_j.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-161"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-161">^</a></strong> Rose, Gerry (November 29, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://american_almanac.tripod.com/venfreem.htm">&#8220;The Venetian Takeover of England and Its Creation of Freemasonry&#8221;</a>. <em>The American Almanac</em>. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://american_almanac.tripod.com/venfreem.htm">http://american_almanac.tripod.com/venfreem.htm</a>. [Conference Address by Gerald Rose, Schiller Institute Conference, September, 1993 Lay summary] – <em>The New Federalist</em> (September 5, 1993).</li>
<li id="cite_note-162"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-162">^</a></strong> Smith, Dwight L. <em>Goodly Heritage</em> (<a title="Grand Lodge of Indiana" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Lodge_of_Indiana">Grand Lodge of Indiana</a>, 1968) pg.124</li>
<li id="cite_note-masonicinfo-2-163"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-masonicinfo-2_163-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous2.htm">&#8220;Famous Freemasons, M through Z&#8221;</a>. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous2.htm">http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous2.htm</a>. Retrieved 2007-08-01.</li>
<li id="cite_note-mozart-164">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-mozart_164-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-mozart_164-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freedomdomain.com/freemasons/mozart01.html">&#8220;Article on Mozart at www.freedomdomain.com&#8221;</a>. Freedomdomain.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freedomdomain.com/freemasons/mozart01.html">http://www.freedomdomain.com/freemasons/mozart01.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-165"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-165">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Ernesto_Nathan">Ernesto Nathan</a>, <a title="1911 Encyclopedia Britannica" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911_Encyclopedia_Britannica">1911 Encyclopedia Britannica</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-166"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-166">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/this_britain/article281727.ece">Noye&#8217;s tangled web of corruption</a>, <a title="Independent on Sunday" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_on_Sunday">Independent on Sunday</a>, 14 April 2000</li>
<li id="cite_note-167"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-167">^</a></strong> John Hamill and Robert Gilert (Eds.), <em>Freemasonry, A Celebration Of The Craft</em> (J.G. Press, 1998), p. 239</li>
<li id="cite_note-168"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-168">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.britannica.com/hispanic_heritage/article-9056854">O&#8217;Higgins, Bernardo</a>, Encyclopedia Britannica, Guide to Hispanic Heritage</li>
<li id="cite_note-169"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-169">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fcosias.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Sen. Camilo Osias&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1976-05-20. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fcosias.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fcosias.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-170"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-170">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.scottishrite.org/ee.php?/scottishrite/internal/scottish_rite_goes_a_little_country/">&#8220;Scottish Rite Goes a Little Country&#8221;</a>. Scottishrite.org. 2006-10-28. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.scottishrite.org/ee.php?/scottishrite/internal/scottish_rite_goes_a_little_country/">http://www.scottishrite.org/ee.php?/scottishrite/internal/scottish_rite_goes_a_little_country/</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-171"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-171">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/frpalma.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Rafael Palma&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/frpalma.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/frpalma.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-172"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-172">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fqparedes.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Mason &#8211; Quintin Paredes&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1973-01-30. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fqparedes.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fqparedes.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-173"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-173">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/parsons_r/parsons_r.html">&#8220;Richard Parsons 1st Earl of Rosse&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2004-04-23. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/parsons_r/parsons_r.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/parsons_r/parsons_r.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-174"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-174">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wasatchlodge.org/publish/notable-brothers/">&#8220;Wasatch Lodge webpage&#8221;</a>. Wasatchlodge.org. 2008-06-20. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wasatchlodge.org/publish/notable-brothers/">http://www.wasatchlodge.org/publish/notable-brothers/</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-175"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-175">^</a></strong> Hamill, John et al.. Freemasonry : A Celebration of the Craft. JG Press 1998. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1572152672">ISBN 1572152672</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-176"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-176">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.royalinsight.gov.uk/output/page5641.asp?MRF=DE&amp;keywords=&amp;page=9&amp;region=&amp;submitted=true">[7]</a></li>
<li id="cite_note-177"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-177">^</a></strong> The Times Saturday 16th Nov 1985 Issue 62,297 Page 10 Col G</li>
<li id="cite_note-178"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-178">^</a></strong> Edward L. King. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous2.htm#P">&#8220;Famous Freemasons M-Z&#8221;</a>. Masonicinfo.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous2.htm#P">http://www.masonicinfo.com/famous2.htm#P</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-179"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-179">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070323212013/http://www.pagrandlodge.org/district37/672/WL672-FamousMasons.html">&#8220;PA GL&#8221;</a>. Web.archive.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070323212013/http://www.pagrandlodge.org/district37/672/WL672-FamousMasons.html">http://web.archive.org/web/20070323212013/http://www.pagrandlodge.org/district37/672/WL672-FamousMasons.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-180"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-180">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/leplongeon_a/leplongeon.jpg" rel="lightbox[219]">&#8220;Error: no <code>|title=</code> specified when using {{</a><a title="Template:Cite web" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web">Cite web</a>}}&#8221;. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/leplongeon_a/leplongeon.jpg" rel="lightbox[219]">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/leplongeon_a/leplongeon.jpg</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-181"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-181">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmponce.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Masons &#8211; Mariano Ponce&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1918-05-23. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmponce.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmponce.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-182"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-182">^</a></strong> Ridley, Jasper. <em>The Freemasons: A History of the World&#8217;s Most Powerful Secret Society.</em> p. 46.</li>
<li id="cite_note-183"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-183">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2006/12/20/OPED2006122082834.html">mb.com.ph/, Hail to the Chief</a><sup>[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Linkrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkrot">dead link</a></em>]</sup></li>
<li id="cite_note-184"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-184">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.hiramlodge88.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=category&amp;sectionid=1&amp;id=1&amp;Itemid=27">&#8220;hiramlodge88.org, Hiram Lodge # 88&#8243;</a>. Hiramlodge88.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.hiramlodge88.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=category&amp;sectionid=1&amp;id=1&amp;Itemid=27">http://www.hiramlodge88.org/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=category&amp;sectionid=1&amp;id=1&amp;Itemid=27</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-185"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-185">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.jacquesdemolay305.org/members-of-the-lodge.html">&#8220;jacquesdemolay305.org, CHARTER MEMBERS&#8221;</a>. Jacquesdemolay305.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.jacquesdemolay305.org/members-of-the-lodge.html">http://www.jacquesdemolay305.org/members-of-the-lodge.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-186"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-186">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/preston_illustrations_masonry_intro.html">&#8220;Preston Illust. Masonry&#8221;</a>. Freemasons-freemasonry.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/preston_illustrations_masonry_intro.html">http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/preston_illustrations_masonry_intro.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-187"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-187">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/pryor_r/pryor_r.html">&#8220;Richard Pryor&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/pryor_r/pryor_r.html">http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/pryor_r/pryor_r.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-188"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-188">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fquezon.htm">&#8220;Famous Masons &#8211; Manuel L. Quezon&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fquezon.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fquezon.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-189"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-189">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0909/27639_Page3.html">&#8220;In search of the Hill&#8217;s Freemasons &#8211; Eamon Javers &#8211; POLITICO.com&#8221;</a>. Politico.Com&lt;!. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0909/27639_Page3.html">http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0909/27639_Page3.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-190">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated4_190-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated4_190-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html">&#8220;Well Known Freemasons&#8221;</a>. Mastermason.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html">http://www.mastermason.com/wilmettepark/wellknownmasons.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-191"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-191">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060107043452/http://www.freemasonry.org/phylaxis/notes_6_9_-_00.htm">&#8220;freemasonry.org&#8221;</a>. Web.archive.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060107043452/http://www.freemasonry.org/phylaxis/notes_6_9_-_00.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20060107043452/http://www.freemasonry.org/phylaxis/notes_6_9_-_00.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-192"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-192">^</a></strong> Produced by Cheryl Mettendorf (2008-04-24). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news/special_reports&amp;id=5960480">&#8220;Video about Philly Freemason&#8221;</a>. Abclocal.go.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news/special_reports&amp;id=5960480">http://abclocal.go.com/wpvi/story?section=news/special_reports&amp;id=5960480</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-GL_of_BC.26Y_article_on_Reuss-193"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GL_of_BC.26Y_article_on_Reuss_193-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/reuss_t/reuss_t.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/reuss_t/reuss_t.html</a> GL of BC&amp;Y article on Reuss</li>
<li id="cite_note-AASR-SJ-casalou-194">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-SJ-casalou_194-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-SJ-casalou_194-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/sep03/casalou.htm">&#8220;The Scottish Rite Journal&#8221;</a>. Srmason-sj.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/sep03/casalou.htm">http://www.srmason-sj.org/web/journal-files/Issues/sep03/casalou.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-AASR-SJ-marsellos-195"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-AASR-SJ-marsellos_195-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.srmason-sj.org/council/journal/sep00/marsellos.html">http://www.srmason-sj.org/council/journal/sep00/marsellos.html</a> AASR-SJ article 2</li>
<li id="cite_note-196"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-196">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gle.org/ingles/i_historia.php#II">Masonry in Spain. II. 1808-1868</a><sup>[<em><a title="Wikipedia:Linkrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Linkrot">dead link</a></em>]</sup></li>
<li id="cite_note-197"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-197">^</a></strong> Christopher Hodapp, <em>Freemasons for Dummies</em> (2005, Wiley), pg. 291.</li>
<li id="cite_note-198"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-198">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/frizal.htm">&#8220;Famous Filipino Masons &#8211; Jose Rizal&#8221;</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 2001-12-31. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/frizal.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/frizal.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-199"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-199">^</a></strong> {{cite web|url=<a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A110403b.htm">http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A110403b.htm</a> |title=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography |publisher=Adb.online.anu.edu.au |date= |accessdate=2010-01-12}}</li>
<li id="cite_note-200"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-200">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM">"Scottish Rite Journal"</a>. Srjarchives.tripod.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM">http://srjarchives.tripod.com/1998-09/LEAZER.HTM</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-201"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-201">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.rfsoc.org.uk/eros.shtml">"Robert Farnon Society"</a>. Rfsoc.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.rfsoc.org.uk/eros.shtml">http://www.rfsoc.org.uk/eros.shtml</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-202"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-202">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmroxas.htm">"Famous Filipino Mason - Pres. Manuel Roxas"</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmroxas.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/fmroxas.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-203"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-203">^</a></strong> Rumford, William Byron, interviewee; Joyce Henderson, Amelia R. Fry, and Edward France, interviewers (1973). <a rel="nofollow" href="http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb8n39p2g3&amp;query=&amp;brand=calisphere"><em>Legislator for fair employment, fair housing and public health : oral history transcript</em></a>. Berkeley: Bancroft Library. Regional Oral History Office. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb8n39p2g3&amp;query=&amp;brand=calisphere">http://content.cdlib.org/xtf/view?docId=hb8n39p2g3&amp;query=&amp;brand=calisphere</a>. Retrieved 2009-11-09.</li>
<li id="cite_note-204"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-204">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C0CE2D81530E633A2575BC1A9669D94669FD7CF">New York Times</a>, October 18, 1887</li>
<li id="cite_note-205"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-205">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.sandino.org/bio_en.htm">Biographical Notes</a>, sandino.org</li>
<li id="cite_note-206"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-206">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.library.nd.edu/rarebooks/collections/manuscripts/latin_american/sc_history/san_martin.shtml">José de San Martín (1778-1850)</a> - Southern Cone Historical Manuscripts</li>
<li id="cite_note-207"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-207">^</a></strong> "At twenty-six he joined the Grand Orient Masonic Lodge at Leiria." <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fatimacrusader.com/cr07/cr07pg12.asp">OPPOSITION TO FATIMA (Part I)</a>, The Fatima Crusader, Issue 7 Page 12, Spring 1981</li>
<li id="cite_note-208"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-208">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/flsantos.htm">"Famous Filipino Masons - Lope K. Santos"</a>. Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the Philippines. 1963-05-01. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/flsantos.htm">http://www.glphils.org/famous-masons/flsantos.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-209"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-209">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/shackleton_e/shackleton_e.html">"Sir Ernest Shackleton"</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/shackleton_e/shackleton_e.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/shackleton_e/shackleton_e.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-210"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-210">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/s/s1/schaffgotsch_p_g.shtml">"SCHAFFGOTSCH, Philipp Gotthard"</a>. Bautz.de. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/s/s1/schaffgotsch_p_g.shtml">http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/s/s1/schaffgotsch_p_g.shtml</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-211"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-211">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/S/SeddonRichardJohn/SeddonRichardJohn/en">Seddon, Richard John</a> An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966 edited by A. H. McLintock</li>
<li id="cite_note-212"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-212">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/DruSedd-fig-DruSedd_P019a.html">Mr. Seddon as Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Masonic Lodge of New Zealand</a> photograph</li>
<li id="cite_note-213"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-213">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/sibelius_j/sibelius_j.html">"Jean Sibelius"</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/sibelius_j/sibelius_j.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/sibelius_j/sibelius_j.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-214"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-214">^</a></strong> The North Carolina Mason, Volume 133, Number 3, 2008.</li>
<li id="cite_note-215"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-215">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://wnctrestleboard.blogspot.com/2008/04/congressman-heath-shuler-to-be-raised.html">"Congressman Heath Shuler to be raised!"</a>. Wnctrestleboard.blogspot.com. 2008-04-08. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://wnctrestleboard.blogspot.com/2008/04/congressman-heath-shuler-to-be-raised.html">http://wnctrestleboard.blogspot.com/2008/04/congressman-heath-shuler-to-be-raised.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-216"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-216">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://twtmag.ning.com/group/northcarolinamasons/forum/topic/show?id=1698387%3ATopic%3A29708">http://twtmag.ning.com/group/northcarolinamasons/forum/topic/show?id=1698387%3ATopic%3A29708</a> The Working Tools Masonic Magazine] March 30, 2008</li>
<li id="cite_note-217"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-217">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EGAOcfEpTuAC&amp;pg=PA193&amp;lpg=PA193&amp;dq=sampson+simson+freemason&amp;source=web&amp;ots=kNe_YhgeI8&amp;sig=AaTJBLsLAO2EgzSMYfMwh8jYpR0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ct=result">&#8220;History of the Supreme Council of the 33rd Degree of Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry&#8221;</a>. Books.google.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=EGAOcfEpTuAC&amp;pg=PA193&amp;lpg=PA193&amp;dq=sampson+simson+freemason&amp;source=web&amp;ots=kNe_YhgeI8&amp;sig=AaTJBLsLAO2EgzSMYfMwh8jYpR0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ct=result">http://books.google.com/books?id=EGAOcfEpTuAC&amp;pg=PA193&amp;lpg=PA193&amp;dq=sampson+simson+freemason&amp;source=web&amp;ots=kNe_YhgeI8&amp;sig=AaTJBLsLAO2EgzSMYfMwh8jYpR0&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;resnum=1&amp;ct=result</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-original-218">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-original_218-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-original_218-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> &#8220;James Wilson and James Sloan, who along with &#8216;Diamond&#8217; Dan Winter, issued the first Orange lodge warrants from Sloan&#8217;s Loughgall inn, were masons.&#8221; <a rel="nofollow" href="http://homepages.iol.ie/%7Efagann/1798/orange.htm">The Men of no Popery, The Origins Of The Orange Order</a>, by Jim Smyth, from History Ireland Vol 3 No 3 Autumn 1995</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated11-219">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated11_219-0"><sup><em><strong>a</strong></em></sup></a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-autogenerated11_219-1"><sup><em><strong>b</strong></em></sup></a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070714072256/http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm">&#8220;The Morman Church and Freemasonry&#8221;</a>. Web.archive.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20070714072256/http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm">http://web.archive.org/web/20070714072256/http://www.freemason.org/cfo/may_june_2001/mormon.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-220"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-220">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.lds-mormon.com/morgan2.shtml">&#8220;lds-mormon.com&#8221;</a>. lds-mormon.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.lds-mormon.com/morgan2.shtml">http://www.lds-mormon.com/morgan2.shtml</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-221"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-221">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodgescotland.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=236&amp;Itemid=158">&#8220;Grand Lodge of Scotland&#8221;</a>. Grandlodgescotland.com. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.grandlodgescotland.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=236&amp;Itemid=158">http://www.grandlodgescotland.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=236&amp;Itemid=158</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-222"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-222">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://wolnomularz.pl/07_an_stempowski.htm">&#8220;Wolnomularz Polski&#8221;</a>. Wolnomularz.pl. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://wolnomularz.pl/07_an_stempowski.htm">http://wolnomularz.pl/07_an_stempowski.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-223"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-223">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.oelodge.uklinux.net/history.htm">A Concise History of Freemasonry</a> OLD EPSOMIAN LODGE</li>
<li id="cite_note-224"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-224">^</a></strong> Beresiner, Yasha. <em><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/beresiner12.html">Gilbert and Sullivan: Musical Masons</a></em></li>
<li id="cite_note-225"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-225">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/stukeley_w/stukeley_w.html">&#8220;William Stukeley&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2002-05-28. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/stukeley_w/stukeley_w.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/stukeley_w/stukeley_w.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-226"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-226">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://yeni.mason.org.tr/en_history.htm">&#8220;The History of Freemasonry in Turkey&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Turkey. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://yeni.mason.org.tr/en_history.htm">http://yeni.mason.org.tr/en_history.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-227"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-227">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.shriners.bc.ca/shriners/thomas2.shtml">&#8220;Gizeh Shriners of British Columbia and the Yukon&#8221;</a>. Shriners.bc.ca. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.shriners.bc.ca/shriners/thomas2.shtml">http://www.shriners.bc.ca/shriners/thomas2.shtml</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-228"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-228">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonicworld.com/education/files/artjun02/SENATE%20CONFIRMATION.htm">ON SENATE CONFIRMATION OF MEN AND MASONS</a>, Masonicworld</li>
<li id="cite_note-229"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-229">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.jacksonlodge146.org/b_lodge/History/History_of_Jackson_Lodge.htm">&#8220;History of Jackson Lodge&#8221;</a>. Jacksonlodge146.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.jacksonlodge146.org/b_lodge/History/History_of_Jackson_Lodge.htm">http://www.jacksonlodge146.org/b_lodge/History/History_of_Jackson_Lodge.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-230"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-230">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/truman_h/truman_h.html">&#8220;Harry S Truman&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/truman_h/truman_h.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/truman_h/truman_h.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-231"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-231">^</a></strong> Burnworth, Gerald. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080204172834/http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/1190/mark-twain-1.html">&#8220;Brother Samuel Langhorne Clemens: A Missouri Freemason&#8221;</a>. Paper read September 28, 1999 at the 178th Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Missouri. Retrieved July 2, 2007.</li>
<li id="cite_note-232"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-232">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonindia.org/WellKnownFreeMasons.htm">&#8220;Grand Lodge of India&#8221;</a>. Masonindia.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.masonindia.org/WellKnownFreeMasons.htm">http://www.masonindia.org/WellKnownFreeMasons.htm</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-233"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-233">^</a></strong> History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley, Ohio, Volume 1 By Joseph Green Butler, pg. 390</li>
<li id="cite_note-234"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-234">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/warren_c/warren_c.html">&#8220;Sir Charles Warren&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/warren_c/warren_c.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/warren_c/warren_c.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-235"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-235">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gwmemorial.org/">&#8220;George Washington Masonic Memoria&#8221;</a>. Gwmemorial.org. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.gwmemorial.org/">http://www.gwmemorial.org/</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-236"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-236">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wayne_j/wayne_j.html">&#8220;Gl Bc&amp;Y&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wayne_j/wayne_j.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wayne_j/wayne_j.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-237"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-237">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/webb_t/thomas_webb_bio.html">Biography of Thomas Smith Webb</a>, on the Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon website.</li>
<li id="cite_note-238"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-238">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wharton_p/wharton_p.html">Philip, Duke of Wharton</a>,</li>
<li id="cite_note-239"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-239">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071011202043/http://hiram7.wordpress.com/2007/08/02/the-wilde-oxford-freemason/">&#8220;The Wilde Oxford Freemason&#8221;</a>. Web.archive.org. 2007-08-02. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071011202043/http://hiram7.wordpress.com/2007/08/02/the-wilde-oxford-freemason/">http://web.archive.org/web/20071011202043/http://hiram7.wordpress.com/2007/08/02/the-wilde-oxford-freemason/</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-240"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-240">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.freemasonrytoday.com/40/p12.php">John Wilkes</a>, Freemasonry Today</li>
<li id="cite_note-241"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-241">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-12/p-41.php">&#8220;Jeff Winter&#8221;</a>. Mqmagazine.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-12/p-41.php">http://www.mqmagazine.co.uk/issue-12/p-41.php</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-242"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-242">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/wren_c.html">&#8220;Sir Christopher Wren&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/wren_c.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/wren_c.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-243"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-243">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/adoption.html">&#8220;Sir Christopher Wren adoption&#8221;</a>. Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 2001-03-15. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/adoption.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/wren_c/adoption.html</a>. Retrieved 2010-01-12.</li>
<li id="cite_note-GLofBC.26Y-Yarker-244"><strong><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Freemasons#cite_ref-GLofBC.26Y-Yarker_244-0">^</a></strong> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/yarker_j/yarker_j.html">http://freemasonry.bcy.ca/biography/esoterica/yarker_j/yarker_j.html</a> GL of BC&amp;Y</li>
</ol>
</div>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/a-big-list-of-famous-freemasons/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Famous Masons: Burns</title>
		<link>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/famous-masons-burns/</link>
		<comments>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/famous-masons-burns/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Apr 2009 02:57:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Famous Masons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Famous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Poet]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Writer]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.victorialodge.ca/?p=145</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Robert Burns
January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796
Robert Burns was a poet and lyricist. National poet of Scotland and celebrated worldwide. He was the pioneer of the Romantic Movement and after his death became inspiration to the founders of liberalism.

Burns’ youth was passed in poverty, hardship and labor. He had little regular schooling and got [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><a href="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/robert-burnsjpg.jpeg" rel="lightbox[145]"><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-146" title="Robert Burns" src="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/robert-burnsjpg-150x150.jpg" alt="Robert Burns" width="150" height="150" /></a>Robert Burns</strong><br />
<em><strong>January 25, 1759 – July 21, 1796</strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; ">Robert Burns was a poet and lyricist. National poet of Scotland and celebrated worldwide. He was the pioneer of the Romantic Movement and after his death became inspiration to the founders of liberalism.</span></strong></em></p>
<p><em><strong><span style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; "><span id="more-145"></span></span></strong></em></p>
<p>Burns’ youth was passed in poverty, hardship and labor. He had little regular schooling and got much of what education he had from his father and a tutor who taught him Latin, French and mathematics.</p>
<p>In 1783 he started composing poetry in a traditional style, using Ayrshire dialect. Also, collected folk songs from across Scotland, often revising or adapting them. One of the most famous and popular poems in history were written by him – “Auld Lang Syne”, often sung at New Year’s Eve, “A Red, Red Rose”, “A Man’s A Man for A’ That”, “To a Louse” and so on… “Scots Wha Hae” served for a long time as an unofficial national anthem of Scotland.</p>
<p>Robert Burns was initiated into Lodge St.David Tarbolton on 4 July 1781, when he was 22. He was passed and raised on 1 October 1781. Later, his lodge became dormant and he joined St.James Tarbolton Kilwinning #135.</p>
<p>He was very active as a mason. On 27 July 1784, Burns became Deputy Master, a position he held until 1788, often honoured with supreme command. He had a real passion for freemasonry and believed that true Masonic friendship cannot be disassociated from the Lodge room. He must have been a very popular and well-respected Deputy Master, since there were more lodge meetings and more attendance during the Burns period, then at any other time.</p>
<p>In early 1787, he joined lodges in Edinburgh, where he was also very respected and in the books was recorded as a “poet”. Edinburgh Freemasons sponsored the publishing of his poems and spread his name and fame across Scotland, England and abroad.</p>
<p>He spent months touring Scotland, first the south and then the High Lands, visiting Lodges and becoming an honorary member of a number of them.</p>
<p>Burns echoed the sentiments of many of his day, calling for &#8220;liberty, fraternity and equality&#8221;, and speaking out against the excesses of the secular, as well as religious establishment. Most certainly, Burns&#8217;s commitment to the ideals of the Enlightenment came from his membership in the Masonic Lodge, much praised and damned for it&#8217;s equality, both in political and religious matters, among its members.</p>
<p>But besides these lofty ideals, the lodge also appealed to Burns for other reasons; the camaraderie and spirit of brotherhood that prevailed in the lodge room and the charity towards the widow and orphan. According to William L. Fox in &#8220;The Near Miss of Robert Burns&#8221;, &#8220;He found in the experience [of being a Freemason] something unlike the political and religious institutions that had kept his father in a state of perpetual frustration&#8221;(p.7). For Burns, Freemasonry was one of the cures for his society&#8217;s numerous social ills.</p>
<p>His works are strongly influenced by the Craft. Many of them can be considered Masonic Hymns. In every single one of his works there is a call for brotherly love, relief, truth. Here is a perfect example for that:</p>
<p><strong><em>A Man’s A Man For All That</em></strong></p>
<p>Is there for honest poverty<br />
That hangs his head, and all that?<br />
The coward slave, we pass him by -<br />
We dare be poor for all that!<br />
For all that, and all that,<br />
Our toils obscure, and all that,<br />
The rank is but the guinea&#8217;s stamp,<br />
The man&#8217;s the gold for all that.</p>
<p>What though on homely fare we dine,<br />
Wear course grey woolen, and all that?<br />
Give fools their silks, and knaves their wine -<br />
A man is a man for all that.<br />
For all that, and all that,<br />
Their tinsel show, and all that,<br />
The honest man, though ever so poor,<br />
Is king of men for all that.</p>
<p>You see yonder fellow called &#8216;a lord,&#8217;<br />
Who struts, and stares, and all that?<br />
Though hundreds worship at his word,<br />
He is but a dolt for all that.<br />
For all that, and all that,<br />
His ribboned, star, and all that,<br />
The man of independent mind,<br />
He looks and laughs at all that.</p>
<p>A prince can make a belted knight,<br />
A marquis, duke, and all that!<br />
But an honest man is above his might -<br />
Good faith, he must not fault that<br />
For all that, and all that,<br />
Their dignities, and all that,<br />
The pith of sense and pride of worth<br />
Are higher rank than all that.</p>
<p>Then let us pray that come it may<br />
(As come it will for a&#8217; that)<br />
That Sense and Worth over all the earth<br />
Shall have the first place and all that!<br />
For all that, and all that,<br />
It is coming yet for all that,<br />
That man to man the world over<br />
Shall brothers be for all that.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/famous-masons-burns/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Famous Masons: Mozart</title>
		<link>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/famous-masons-mozart/</link>
		<comments>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/famous-masons-mozart/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 22:43:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Famous Masons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Famous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Musician]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.victorialodge.ca/?p=68</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria. Being a musical child-prodigy, he toured the country with his father, Leopold and sister Maria Anna for years.

His ability to play complex compositions from memory, to play blindfolded, and ultimately to compose were [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/mozart-278x3001.gif" rel="lightbox[68]"><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-102" title="mozart-278x3001" src="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/mozart-278x3001-150x150.gif" alt="mozart-278x3001" width="150" height="150" /></a><strong>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<br />
<em>January 27, 1756 – December 5, 1791</em></strong></p>
<p>Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria. Being a musical child-prodigy, he toured the country with his father, Leopold and sister Maria Anna for years.</p>
<p><span id="more-68"></span></p>
<p>His ability to play complex compositions from memory, to play blindfolded, and ultimately to compose were some of the many musical gifts he had. He worked many years for the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg and then moved to Vienna, the imperial capital and a major cultural centre, working as a freelance composer and musician, though continually seeking a formal appointment at an aristocratic court. Mozart broke with his father when he married Constanze Weber, a singer from a family of impoverished musicians, against Leopold&#8217;s wishes. He died at the age of 35.</p>
<p>Mozart composed a number of masonic pieces. When his father received his masonic Second Degree Wolfgang wrote &#8220;Fellow Crafts Journey (Op. K468) to honour the occasion. For lodge Zur Wohltatigkeit he wrote &#8220;Opening Ode&#8221; (Op. K483) and Closing Ode (Op. K484) His last masonic work was written for the dedication of a masonic temple in Vienna on November 15, 1791. The masonic influence and symbolism was present in his operas Don Giovanni and The Magic Flute.</p>
<p>During his life, this incredible genius and one of the most gifted musicians that ever lived, wrote a number of symphonies, operas, concertos, masses and his final Requiem.</p>
<p><strong>Initiated:</strong> <em>December 14, 1784</em><br />
<em>lodge Zur Woltatigkeit</em><br />
<strong>Passed:</strong> <em>January 7, 1785</em><span><br />
</span><strong>Raised:</strong> <em>April 22, 1785</em><span><br />
</span><em>Lodge Zur Wahren Eintracht</em></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/famous-masons-mozart/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Famous Masons: Twain</title>
		<link>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/mark-twain/</link>
		<comments>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/mark-twain/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 03:11:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Famous Masons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Famous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Writer]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.victorialodge.ca/?p=34</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mark Twain
November 30, 1835 &#8211; April 21, 1910
On Nov. 30, 1835, the small town of Florida, Mo. witnessed the birth of its most famous son. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens. Little did John and Jane know, their son Samuel would one [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><a href="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/mark-twain.jpg" rel="lightbox[34]"><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-130" title="mark-twain" src="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/mark-twain-150x150.jpg" alt="mark-twain" width="150" height="150" /></a>Mark Twain<br />
<em>November 30, 1835 &#8211; April 21, 1910</em></strong></p>
<p>On Nov. 30, 1835, the small town of Florida, Mo. witnessed the birth of its most famous son. Samuel Langhorne Clemens was welcomed into the world as the sixth child of John Marshall and Jane Lampton Clemens. Little did John and Jane know, their son Samuel would one day be known as Mark Twain &#8211; America&#8217;s most famous literary icon.</p>
<p><span id="more-34"></span></p>
<p>When Samuel was 12, his father died of pneumonia, and at 13, Samuel left school to become a printer&#8217;s apprentice. After two short years, he joined his brother Orion&#8217;s newspaper as a printer and editorial assistant. It was here that young Samuel found he enjoyed writing.</p>
<p>On a voyage to New Orleans down the Mississippi, the steamboat pilot, &#8220;Bixby&#8221;, inspired Clemens to pursue a career as a steamboat pilot, the third highest paying profession in America at the time, earning $250 per month ($155,000 today). He became a licensed river pilot in 1858.</p>
<p>Clemens&#8217; pseudonym, comes from his days as a river pilot. He used different pen names before deciding on Mark Twain. He signed humorous and imaginative sketches &#8220;Josh&#8221; until 1863. Additionally, he used the pen name &#8220;Thomas Jefferson Snodgrass&#8221; for a series of humorous letters. He maintained that his primary pen name, &#8220;Mark Twain&#8221;, came from his years working on Mississippi riverboats. It is a river term which means two fathoms or 12-feet when the depth of water for a boat is being sounded. &#8220;Mark twain&#8221; means that is safe to navigate.</p>
<p>Missouri was a slave state and considered by many to be part of the South, but it did not join the Confederacy. When the war began, Clemens and his friends formed a Confederate militia (depicted in an 1885 short story, &#8220;The Private History of a Campaign That Failed&#8221;), and joined a battle where a man was killed. Clemens found he could not bear to kill a man, and deserted. His friends joined the Confederate Army; Clemens joined his brother, Orion, who had been appointed secretary to the territorial governor of Nevada, and headed west.</p>
<p>Twain began to gain fame when his story, &#8220;The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calavaras County&#8221; appeared in the New York Saturday Press on November 18, 1865. Twain&#8217;s first book, &#8220;The Innocents Abroad,&#8221; was published in 1869, &#8220;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer&#8221; in 1876, and &#8220;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn&#8221; in 1885. He wrote 28 books and numerous short stories, letters and sketches.</p>
<p>He was initiated in Masonry on May 22, 1861, and raised July 10, 1861, in Polar Star Lodge #79, Missouri.<br />
In 1909, Twain is quoted as saying:</p>
<p>I came in with Halley’s Comet in 1835. It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it. It will be the greatest disappointment of my life if I don&#8217;t go out with Halley&#8217;s Comet. The Almighty has said, no doubt: &#8216;Now here are these two unaccountable freaks; they came in together, they must go out together.Mark Twain passed away on April 21, 1910.</p>
<p>From &#8220;<em>Adam&#8217;s Diary</em>&#8221; (1904):</p>
<p>&#8220;&#8230;<em>MONDAY</em>.&#8211;This new creature with the long hair is a good deal in the way. It is always hanging around and following me about. I don&#8217;t like this; I am not used to company. I wish it would stay with the other animals&#8230;. Cloudy today, wind in the east; think we shall have rain&#8230;. WE? Where did I get that word&#8211; the new creature uses it.</p>
<p><em>TUESDAY</em>.&#8211;Been examining the great waterfall. It is the finest thing on the estate, I think. The new creature calls it Niagara Falls&#8211; why, I am sure I do not know. Says it LOOKS like Niagara Falls. That is not a reason, it is mere waywardness and imbecility. I get no chance to name anything myself. The new creature names everything that comes along, before I can get in a protest. And always that same pretext is offered&#8211;it LOOKS like the thing. There is a dodo, for instance. Says the moment one looks at it one sees at a glance that it &#8220;looks like a dodo.&#8221; It will have to keep that name, no doubt. It wearies me to fret about it, and it does no good, anyway. Dodo! It looks no more like a dodo than I do.</p>
<p><em>WEDNESDAY</em>.&#8211;Built me a shelter against the rain, but could not have it to myself in peace. The new creature intruded. When I tried to put it out it shed water out of the holes it looks with, and wiped it away with the back of its paws, and made a noise such as some of the other animals make when they are in distress. I wish it would not talk; it is always talking. That sounds like a cheap fling at the poor creature, a slur; but I do not mean it so. I have never heard the human voice before, and any new and strange sound intruding itself here upon the solemn hush of these dreaming solitudes offends my ear and seems a false note. And this new sound is so close to me; it is right at my shoulder, right at my ear, first on one side and then on the other, and I am used only to sounds that are more or less distant from me.</p>
<p><em>FRIDAY</em>. The naming goes recklessly on, in spite of anything I can do. I had a very good name for the estate, and it was musical and pretty&#8211; GARDEN OF EDEN. Privately, I continue to call it that, but not any longer publicly. The new creature says it is all woods and rocks and scenery, and therefore has no resemblance to a garden. Says it LOOKS like a park, and does not look like anything BUT a park. Consequently, without consulting me, it has been new-named NIAGARA FALLS PARK. This is sufficiently high-handed, it seems to me. And already there is a sign up:</p>
<p>KEEP OFF THE GRASS<br />
&#8220;My life is not as happy as it was&#8230;&#8221;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/mark-twain/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Famous Masons: Fleming</title>
		<link>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/alexander-fleming/</link>
		<comments>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/alexander-fleming/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2009 03:04:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Famous Masons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Featured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Famous]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scientist]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.victorialodge.ca/?p=28</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Alexander Fleming
August 6, 1881 &#8211; March 11, 1955
One of the most important discoveries of the 20th century was the penicillin. The man who discovered it, was a fellow Mason, one of the most respected men of his time – Alexander Fleming.

Born at Lochfield near Darvel in Ayrshire, Scotland on August 6th, 1881. He attended St. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><a href="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/alexander_flemingjpg.jpeg" rel="lightbox[28]"><img class="alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-29" title="Alexander Fleming" src="http://www.victorialodge.ca/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/alexander_flemingjpg-150x150.jpg" alt="Alexander Fleming" width="150" height="150" /></a>Alexander Fleming<br />
<em>August 6, 1881 &#8211; March 11, 1955</em></strong></p>
<p>One of the most important discoveries of the 20th century was the penicillin. The man who discovered it, was a fellow Mason, one of the most respected men of his time – Alexander Fleming.</p>
<p><span id="more-28"></span></p>
<p>Born at Lochfield near Darvel in Ayrshire, Scotland on August 6th, 1881. He attended St. Mary&#8217;s Medical School, London University. Served throughout World War I as a captain in the Army Medical Corps.</p>
<p>In 1928, while working on influenza virus, he observed that mould had developed accidently on a staphylococcus culture plate and that the mould had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. He was inspired to further experiment and he found that a mould culture prevented growth of staphylococci, even when diluted 800 times. He named the active substance penicillin. That discovery has changed the modern medicine and saved milions of lives.</p>
<p>In 1945, he received the Nobel Prize for medicine.Alexander Fleming was initiated in 1909, at Sancta Maria Lodge #2682 in London and was also a member of Misericordi Lodge #3286, also in London. He was a Past Junior Grand Warden of UGLE.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.victorialodge.ca/featured/alexander-fleming/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
